Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic modelling in an individual based context—Consequences of parameter variability

Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) models simulate the time-course of toxicant concentration in the organism and toxicity at the level of the organism. A link between TKTD models that simulate survival and individual based models for populations (IBMs) is proposed which allows TKTD parameters to vary between individuals. The TKTD-IBM predicts different survival in response to toxicants when TKTD parameters vary amongst individuals compared to the survival predicted with fixed TKTD parameters. The model with fixed parameters represents the concept of stochastic death whereas the model with variable parameters behaves, at least partly, according to the individual tolerance distribution concept. The whole set of TKTD parameters of an individual can be interpreted as constituting “individual tolerance”.

[1]  Roman Ashauer,et al.  New ecotoxicological model to simulate survival of aquatic invertebrates after exposure to fluctuating and sequential pulses of pesticides. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[2]  Roman Ashauer,et al.  Toxicodynamic assumptions in ecotoxicological hazard models , 2007 .

[3]  S. Mabury,et al.  Dissipation kinetics and mobility of chlortetracycline, tylosin, and monensin in an agricultural soil in Northumberland County, Ontario, Canada , 2006, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[4]  Tjalling Jager,et al.  A biology-based approach for quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) in ecotoxicity , 2009, Ecotoxicology.

[5]  V. Grimm,et al.  Ecological Models in Support of Regulatory Risk Assessments of Pesticides: Developing a Strategy for the Future , 2009, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[6]  M. Newman,et al.  The theory underlying dose‐response models influences predictions for intermittent exposures , 2007, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[7]  Sebastiaan A L M Kooijman,et al.  Making Sense of Ecotoxicological Test Results: Towards Application of Process-based Models , 2006, Ecotoxicology.

[8]  Volker Grimm,et al.  Home range dynamics and population regulation: An individual-based model of the common shrew Sorex araneus , 2007 .

[9]  Roman Ashauer,et al.  Simulating toxicity of carbaryl to Gammarus pulex after sequential pulsed exposure. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[10]  S. Kooijman,et al.  Statistical analysis of bioassays, based on hazard modelling , 1994, Environmental and Ecological Statistics.

[11]  Roman Ashauer,et al.  Predicting effects on aquatic organisms from fluctuating or pulsed exposure to pesticides , 2006, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[12]  The individual tolerance concept is not the sole explanation for the probit dose‐effect model , 2000 .

[13]  Jana Verboom,et al.  An individual‐based approach to model spatial population dynamics of invertebrates in aquatic ecosystems after pesticide contamination , 2007, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[14]  Theo C. M. Brock,et al.  Aquatic Risks of Pesticides, Ecological Protection Goals, and Common Aims in European Union Legislation , 2006 .

[15]  Sebastiaan A.L.M. Kooijman,et al.  Estimation of no effect concentrations from exposure experiments when values scatter among individuals , 2009 .