On Modelling the Diffraction of Water Waves

The paper reviews features of the diffraction of waves by marine structures (having no forward speed), with an emphasis on the local wave elevation around one or more vertical circular cylinders. Low frequency and high frequency (ray theory) linear approximations are discussed. The pronounced interaction effects in arrays of cylinders at discrete frequencies, associated with the “near-trapping” phenomenon, are illustrated for typical cases of linear, square and rectangular arrays. For each of these cases results are also presented showing the prolonged build-up to trapping after several cycles, following the start of a sinusoidal wave maker in a numerical wave tank. Second-order perturbation theory analysis of diffraction is considered, including application to second-order near-trapping. Fully nonlinear methods of modelling diffraction are briefly reviewed, and links made to limited experimental data on local free-surface effects associated with diffraction.

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