An electric field sensor utilizing a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF 2 ) film in a single-mode fiber interferometer

A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF 2 ) phase shifter is characterized in terms of amplitude response linearity, frequency response uniformity, and ultimate sensitivity to electric field. Phase-drift compensation with this PVF 2 device is demonstrated in a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer. The compensator can be operated at the \pi/2 -phase mode for maximum sensitivity in detection applications, or the π-phase mode for maximum frequency mixing efficiency.