Communities of practice in the business and organization studies literature

espanolIntroduccion. A medida que se acerca al hito de las dos decadas, el concepto de comunidad de practica se enfrenta a lo que puede ser descrito como una crisis de la mediana edad. Se ha logrado una amplia difusion, pero los usuarios lo han adaptado a sus necesidades, dando lugar a una proliferacion de interpretaciones divergentes. Recientes criticas lamentan que el concepto esta perdiendo su coherencia y poder analitico. Metodo. Este estudio utiliza el modelo de Benders y van Veen de moda de gestion para explicar la popularidad del concepto de comunidades de practica en la bibliografia de estudios de empresas y organizacion y para la crisis actual. Resultados. La bibliografia muestra una gran confusion entre comunidades de practica y otras estructuras sociales relacionadas con el conocimiento y el aprendizaje, aunque las tipologias recientes estan ayudando a clarificar los conceptos. Los investigadores han aceptado el concepto como un elemento permanente en la vision de la empresa basada en el conocimiento, pero los profesionales lo han utilizado principalmente en el discurso de gestion de moda, especificamente como una herramienta de gestion del conocimiento, dando lugar a numerosas publicaciones sobre la base de la interpretacion pragmatica del concepto. Por ahora, la moda se esta desvaneciendo en la bibliografia profesional, pero la comunidad de investigadores muestra un renovado interes en la forma de varias criticas profundas y un resurgimiento de los estudios basados en la teoria fundamentada. Conclusiones. El estudio predice que el concepto madurara con exito de su crisis actual a traves de un nuevo periodo, ya iniciado, de desarrollo teorico fundamentado en estudios rigurosos realizados en las organizaciones. EnglishIntroduction. As it approaches the two decade milestone, the concept of community of practice faces what can be described as a midlife crisis. It has achieved wide diffusion, but users have adapted it to suit their needs, leading to a proliferation of diverging interpretations. Recent critiques lament that the concept is losing its coherence and analytical power. Method. This review uses Benders and van Veen's model of a management fashion to account for the popularity of the concept of communities of practice in the business and organization studies literature and for the current crisis. Results. The literature displays considerable confusion between communities of practice and other social structures concerned with knowledge and learning, although recent typologies are helping to clarify concepts. Researchers have accepted the concept as an enduring element in the knowledge-based view of the firm, but practitioners have mostly used it in fashionable management discourse, specifically as a knowledge management tool, resulting in numerous publications based on pragmatic interpretations of the concept. By now, the fashion is fading in the practitioner literature, but the researcher community displays renewed interest in the form of several in-depth critiques and a resurgence of theory-grounded studies. Conclusions. The review predicts that the concept will successfully mature out of its current crisis through a new period, already started, of theory development grounded in rigorous studies conducted in organizations.

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