Fungal Problems in Historic Buildings

Abstract Fungal problems in both modem and historic buildings are attributed to environmental conditions—water, humidity, temperature and a lack of ventilation—favouring the decay of materials. The damage caused by fungi is very familiar, as is the destruction arising from attempts to eradicate them using chemicals, which not only are a cause for concern to health authorities, wildlife interests and environmentalists, but also lead to the development of resistance in the target organisms. Correct identification of the fungal organism is important as not all fungi are equally destructive. Some rots are present in timber when it is cut, or are acquired in storage, and these may be present in heartwood or sapwood. Fungal infestation may also be dead or dormant, representing past conditions. Environmental control and preventative maintenance are preferable to chemical eradication. Preventative maintenance should, in most cases, forestall the need for major interventions, and it is beyond doubt that it reduces the cost of conserving buildings. Since the internal environment of a building is the product of a number of influences, it is advisable to study in detail the ecological factors (such as temperature and humidity) at micro-environmental levels, and the response and performance of the building before undertaking any intervention. The ongoing monitoring of environmental conditions within buildings ensures the long-term health of both their materials and structures.