Abstract The promising potential of artificial intelligence methods and its convergence with the latest technologies such as medical devices, mobile computing, and sensor technologies allows for creation and delivery of better management services to deal with chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most lethal and prevalent chronic diseases and it is characterized by the malfunctioning of the glucose homeostasis process. The objective of this chapter is to provide a general overview of the key research efforts in the use of artificial intelligence techniques for decision support systems aimed to assist in the management of diabetes. On the one hand, this chapter introduces this chronic disease and its consequences, as well as delving into the more complex challenges of managing diabetes. On the other hand, we present a series of artificial intelligence applications for diabetes management support systems.