Review of trials in chronic heart failure showing broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory approaches.

[1]  J. Slattery,et al.  Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). 1994. , 1994, Atherosclerosis. Supplements.

[2]  J. Farmer,et al.  The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in the treatment of congestive heart failure. , 2002, Congestive heart failure.

[3]  O. Binah,et al.  Hypoxia predisposes neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to apoptosis induced by activation of the Fas (CD95/Apo-1) receptor: Fas activation and apoptosis in hypoxic myocytes. , 2002, Cardiovascular research.

[4]  J. McMurray,et al.  Statins and chronic heart failure: do we need a large-scale outcome trial? , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[5]  A. Coats,et al.  Physical training modulates proinflammatory cytokines and the soluble Fas/soluble Fas ligand system in patients with chronic heart failure. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[6]  K. Node,et al.  Statins as antioxidant therapy for preventing cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. , 2001, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[7]  W Domschke,et al.  Infliximab induces apoptosis in monocytes from patients with chronic active Crohn's disease by using a caspase-dependent pathway. , 2001, Gastroenterology.

[8]  S. Frøland,et al.  Complement Activation in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: Effect of High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment , 2001, Circulation.

[9]  S. Frøland,et al.  Enhanced gene expression of chemokines and their corresponding receptors in mononuclear blood cells in chronic heart failure--modulatory effect of intravenous immunoglobulin. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[10]  G. Wallukat,et al.  Immunohistological Changes in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Induced by Immunoadsorption Therapy and Subsequent Immunoglobulin Substitution , 2001, Circulation.

[11]  A. Louis,et al.  Clinical Trials Update: CAPRICORN, COPERNICUS, MIRACLE, STAF, RITZ‐2, RECOVER and RENAISSANCE and cachexia and cholesterol in heart failure. Highlights of the Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, 2001 , 2001, European journal of heart failure.

[12]  R. Holubkov,et al.  Controlled Trial of Intravenous Immune Globulin in Recent-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy , 2001, Circulation.

[13]  Simon C Watkins,et al.  Effects of soluble TNF receptor treatment on lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial cytokine expression. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[14]  J. Kjekshus,et al.  Effect of metoprolol on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure--a substudy in the Metoprolol Controlled-Release Randomised Intervention Trial in Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). , 2001, American heart journal.

[15]  K. Sliwa,et al.  Beneficial Effects of Pentoxifylline in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treated With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Carvedilol: Results of a Randomized Study , 2001, Circulation.

[16]  A. Langer,et al.  A controlled clinical trial of vitamin E supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[17]  J. McMurray,et al.  Trends in hospitalization for heart failure in Scotland, 1990-1996. An epidemic that has reached its peak? , 2001, European heart journal.

[18]  S. Nitter‐Hauge,et al.  Immunomodulating Therapy With Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure , 2001, Circulation.

[19]  A. Wessel,et al.  Interleukin-1 and related proteins in cardiovascular disease in adults and children. , 2001, Shock.

[20]  F. Mach,et al.  Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[21]  G. Christensen,et al.  Myocardial expression of CC- and CXC-chemokines and their receptors in human end-stage heart failure. , 2000, Cardiovascular research.

[22]  Y. Ueda,et al.  Fas-mediated apoptosis in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats: In vivo study. , 2000, Circulation.

[23]  D. Nelson,et al.  Proinflammatory consequences of transgenic fas ligand expression in the heart. , 2000, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[24]  R. Hetzer,et al.  Immunoglobulin adsorption in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2000, Circulation.

[25]  S. Frøland,et al.  CXC-chemokines, a new group of cytokines in congestive heart failure--possible role of platelets and monocytes. , 2000, Cardiovascular research.

[26]  A. Matsumori,et al.  Chemokines and cardiovascular diseases. , 2000, Cardiovascular research.

[27]  S. Frøland,et al.  Effect of high- versus low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[28]  M. Bureau,et al.  Protective role of interleukin-10 in atherosclerosis. , 1999, Circulation research.

[29]  A. Matsumori,et al.  Treatment of experimental viral myocarditis with interleukin-10. , 1999, Circulation.

[30]  G. MacGowan,et al.  Intravenous immune globulin in the therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[31]  B. Bozkurt,et al.  Safety and efficacy of a soluble P75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (Enbrel, etanercept) in patients with advanced heart failure. , 1999, Circulation.

[32]  J. Ross,et al.  Loss of a gp130 Cardiac Muscle Cell Survival Pathway Is a Critical Event in the Onset of Heart Failure during Biomechanical Stress , 1999, Cell.

[33]  S. Frøland,et al.  Cytokine network in congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

[34]  H. Okayama,et al.  Increased circulating soluble form of Fas in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. , 1998, Japanese circulation journal.

[35]  R. Collins,et al.  Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[36]  J. Tschopp,et al.  Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin. , 1998, Science.

[37]  Kouji Matsushima,et al.  The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract , 1998, Nature.

[38]  R. Horuk.  Physiology: Chemokines beyond inflammation , 1998, Nature.

[39]  A. Omran,et al.  Increased oxidative stress in patients with congestive heart failure. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[40]  K. Sliwa,et al.  Randomised investigation of effects of pentoxifylline on left-ventricular performance in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy , 1998, The Lancet.

[41]  J. Kjekshus,et al.  Elevated circulating levels of C-C chemokines in patients with congestive heart failure. , 1998, Circulation.

[42]  P. Ponikowski,et al.  Experience from controlled trials of physical training in chronic heart failure. Protocol and patient factors in effectiveness in the improvement in exercise tolerance. European Heart Failure Training Group. , 1998, European heart journal.

[43]  D. Meldrum.  Tumor necrosis factor in the heart. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[44]  C. Orosz,et al.  Myocarditis induced by targeted expression of the MCP-1 gene in murine cardiac muscle. , 1998, The American journal of pathology.

[45]  A. Koretsky,et al.  Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic Mice With Cardiac-Specific Overexpression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α , 1997 .

[46]  M. Ballow.  Mechanisms of action of intravenous immune serum globulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. , 1997, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[47]  A. Demetris,et al.  Intravenous immune globulin in the therapy of myocarditis and acute cardiomyopathy. , 1997, Circulation.

[48]  J. Schaper,et al.  Upregulation of cell adhesion molecules and the presence of low grade inflammation in human chronic heart failure. , 1997, European heart journal.

[49]  D E Grobbee,et al.  The epidemiology of heart failure. , 1997, European heart journal.

[50]  Y. Fujio,et al.  Activation of JAK-STAT and MAP kinases by leukemia inhibitory factor through gp130 in cardiac myocytes. , 1996, Circulation.

[51]  T. LeJemtel,et al.  Circulating levels of cytokines and their endogenous modulators in patients with mild to severe congestive heart failure due to coronary artery disease or hypertension. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[52]  N. Rothwell,et al.  Neuroprotective Effects of Human Recombinant Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Focal Cerebral Ischaemia in the Rat , 1996, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[53]  M. Eibl,et al.  Immunomodulatory effect of immunoglobulins. , 1996, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[54]  H. Oral,et al.  Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: a report from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[55]  Anand Kumar,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta are responsible for in vitro myocardial cell depression induced by human septic shock serum , 1996, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[56]  J. Sheridan,et al.  Requirement of MIP-1 alpha for an inflammatory response to viral infection. , 1995, Science.

[57]  C. Lowenstein,et al.  Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity by cytokines in ventricular myocytes is necessary but not sufficient to decrease contractile responsiveness to beta-adrenergic agonists. , 1995, Circulation research.

[58]  T. Kishimoto,et al.  Continuous activation of gp130, a signal-transducing receptor component for interleukin 6-related cytokines, causes myocardial hypertrophy in mice. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[59]  A. Ahmed,et al.  Intravenous immunoglobulins in the therapy of autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disorders. , 1995, Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.

[60]  J. McMurray,et al.  Trends in hospitalization for heart failure in Scotland 1980-1990. , 1993, European heart journal.

[61]  M. Packer.  How should physicians view heart failure? The philosophical and physiological evolution of three conceptual models of the disease. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[62]  Simon C Watkins,et al.  Negative inotropic effects of cytokines on the heart mediated by nitric oxide. , 1992, Science.