Interconnected Turing patterns in three dimensions.

We study numerically the Turing pattern in three dimensions in a FitzHugh-Nagumo-type reaction-diffusion system. We have found that interconnected periodic domain structures such as a gyroid, Fddd, and perforated lamellar structures appear in three dimensions, which never exist in lower dimensions. The stability analysis of these structures is also performed by means of a mode expansion.

[1]  Edgar Knobloch,et al.  Pattern formation in the three-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems , 1999 .

[2]  Teemu Leppänen,et al.  Morphological transitions and bistability in Turing systems. , 2004, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[3]  J. Keener,et al.  Singular perturbation theory of traveling waves in excitable media (a review) , 1988 .

[4]  Dulos,et al.  Experimental evidence of a sustained standing Turing-type nonequilibrium chemical pattern. , 1990, Physical review letters.

[5]  Y. Oono,et al.  Spinodal decomposition in 3-space. , 1993, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[6]  S. Yoshizawa,et al.  An Active Pulse Transmission Line Simulating Nerve Axon , 1962, Proceedings of the IRE.

[7]  J Rinzel,et al.  Traveling wave solutions of a nerve conduction equation. , 1973, Biophysical journal.

[8]  De Wit A,et al.  Twist grain boundaries in three-dimensional lamellar Turing structures. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  Guy Dewel,et al.  Three-dimensional dissipative structures in reaction-diffusion systems , 1992 .

[10]  Teemu Leppänen,et al.  Turing systems as models of complex pattern formation , 2004 .

[11]  K. Kawasaki,et al.  Equilibrium morphology of block copolymer melts , 1986 .

[12]  A. Turing The chemical basis of morphogenesis , 1952, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences.

[13]  R. FitzHugh Impulses and Physiological States in Theoretical Models of Nerve Membrane. , 1961, Biophysical journal.

[14]  Decay of Metastable Rest State in Excitable Reaction-Diffusion System , 1989 .

[15]  Kimmo Kaski,et al.  A new dimension to Turing patterns , 2002, cond-mat/0211283.

[16]  H. Swinney,et al.  Transition from a uniform state to hexagonal and striped Turing patterns , 1991, Nature.

[17]  Aleksij Aksimentiev,et al.  Morphology of surfaces in mesoscopic polymers, surfactants, electrons, or reaction-diffusion systems: Methods, simulations, and measurements , 2002 .