Freeze-drying/lyophilization of pharmaceutical and biological products

Glimpses into the Realm of Freeze-Drying - Fundamental Issues. Structural and Dynamic Properties of Bulk and Confined Water. Mechanisms of Protein Stabilization During Freeze-Drying and Storage: The Relative Importance of Thermodynamic Stabilizationand Glassy State Relaxation Dynamics. Freezing and Annealing Phenomenon in Lyophilization. Freezing- and Drying-Induced Perturbations of Protein Structure andMechanisms of Protein Protection by Stabilizing Additives. Molecular Mobility of Freeze-Dried Formulations as Determined by NMR Relaxation, and its Effect on Storage Stability. Formulation Characterization. Practical Aspects of Freeze-Drying ofPharmaceutical and Biological Products Using Non-Aqueous Co-solvent Systems. Closure and Container Considerations in Lyophilization. Advanced Glass-Ware for Freeze-DryingCritical steps in the Preparation of Elastomeric Closures for BiopharmaceuticalFreeze-Dried Products. Development of a new Concept for Bulk Freeze-Drying: LYOGUARD Freeze Dry Packaging. Regulatory Control of Freeze-Dried Products: Importance and Evaluation of Residual Moisture. Freeze-Drying of Biological Standards. IndustrialFreeze-Drying for Pharmaceutical Applications. Development of Process Data In a Pilot Plant Transferable to Production. Technical Procedures for Operation of Cleaning-in-Place and Sterilization-in-Place Process for Production Freeze-Drying Equipment.Freeze-Drying Cycle Parameters Global Validation by Using Integral HFT Systems. Lyophilizer Qualification: Some Practical Advice. Lyophilization Process Validation. A New Development: Irradiation of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products. Some LeadingEdge Prospects in Freeze-Drying