Grief Rituals: Aspects That Facilitate Adjustment to Bereavement

This study explores the facilitative aspects of postfuneral rituals in the grief process. Participants included 50 adults who evaluated symbolic activities (rituals) in terms of helpfulness, aspects of those activities, and outcomes of performing such activities. Results confirmed (a) that appropriate rituals can facilitate adjustment to bereavement, (b) that some factors are particularly important for success of rituals, and (c) that performing rituals can have significant positive outcomes for participants.

[1]  H. Goldberg Funeral and Bereavement Rituals of Kota Indians and Orthodox Jews , 1982 .

[2]  A. Lascari Grief, Dying and Death—Clinical Interventions for Caregivers , 1986 .

[3]  R. Mancoske,et al.  The Effectiveness of Brief Counseling Services for Battered Women , 1994 .

[4]  V. A. Christopherson,et al.  Correlates of Sensing the Presence of a Deceased Spouse , 1989 .

[5]  L. Rowling Being in, being out, being with: Affect and the role of the qualitative researcher in loss and grief research , 1999 .

[6]  D. Klass,et al.  Toward A Model of Parental Grief , 1989 .

[7]  L. Easterling,et al.  Scott and White Grief Study--phase 2: toward an adaptive model of grief. , 2000, Death studies.

[8]  David Maddison,et al.  Bereavement: Studies of Grief in Adult Life , 1974 .

[9]  G. Riches,et al.  Lost children, living memories: the role of photographs in processes of grief and adjustment among bereaved parent. , 1998, Death studies.

[10]  B. J. Horacek A heuristic model of grieving after high-grief deaths , 1995 .

[11]  K. Mayers Songwriting as a way to decrease anxiety and distress in traumatized children , 1995 .

[12]  A. Grimby Hallucinations following the loss of a spouse: Common and normal events among the elderly. , 1998 .

[13]  T. Rando,et al.  Grieving : how to go on living when someone you love dies , 1991 .

[14]  D. Unruh Death and Personal History: Strategies of Identity Preservation , 1983 .

[15]  Sigmund Freud,et al.  Mourning and Melancholia , 1922 .

[16]  A. Sankar Ritual and dying: a cultural analysis of social support for caregivers. , 1991, The Gerontologist.

[17]  D. Ribner Death anniversary reactions and the hassidic ymmeit observance , 1998 .

[18]  Therese A. Rando,et al.  Creating therapeutic rituals in the psychotherapy of the bereaved. , 1985 .

[19]  R. Bright Music therapy in grief resolution. , 1999, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic.

[20]  J. Fowler Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life , 1987 .

[21]  E. Imber-Black,et al.  Rituals for Our Times: Celebrating, Healing, and Changing Our Lives and Our Relationships , 1992 .

[22]  D. Balk Death, bereavement and college students: A descriptive Analysis , 1997 .

[23]  J. Worden,et al.  Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner , 1991 .

[24]  C. Bolton,et al.  Funeral Rituals and the Facilitation of Grief Work , 1987 .

[25]  J. Morse,et al.  Toward an Experiential Theory of Bereavement , 1996 .

[26]  P. Irion Changing Patterns of Ritual Response to Death , 1991 .

[27]  H. Schut,et al.  The dual process model of coping with bereavement: rationale and description. , 1999, Death studies.

[28]  Douglas Carnall,et al.  Death and dying , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[29]  D. Klass,et al.  Spiritual bonds to the dead in cross-cultural and historical perspective: comparative religion and modern grief. , 1999, Death studies.

[30]  B D Romanoff,et al.  Rituals and the grieving process. , 1998, Death studies.

[31]  N. Moules Legitimizing Grief: Challenging Beliefs That Constrain , 1998 .

[32]  D. Balk Bereavement and spiritual change. , 1999, Death studies.

[33]  C. M. Parkes,et al.  Counselling in Terminal Care and Bereavement , 1996 .

[34]  Keith Denison Death, Ritual and Belief: The Rhetoric of Funerary Rites , 1998 .

[35]  D. Klass,et al.  Tibetan Buddhism and the resolution of grief: the Bardo-thodol for the dying and the grieving. , 1997, Death studies.

[36]  E. Kübler-Ross,et al.  On death and dying. , 1972, JAMA.

[37]  Teresa A. Rummans,et al.  Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner , 1992 .

[38]  P. Silverman RESEARCH, CLINICAL PRACTICE, AND THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE: PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER , 2000, Death studies.

[39]  E. A. Burtt The teachings of the compassionate Buddha , 1955 .

[40]  D. Nelson,et al.  Necessary Angels: Music and Healing in Psychotherapy , 1998 .

[41]  F. Boersma,et al.  The Therapeutic use of Ritual in Maladaptive Grieving , 1990 .

[42]  Diana Crossley,et al.  The challenge of evaluating a child bereavement programme , 1997, Palliative medicine.

[43]  M. Kagawa-Singer Diverse Cultural Beliefs and Practices About Death and Dying in the Elderly , 1995 .

[44]  B. Fiese,et al.  Development of the Family Ritual Questionnaire: Initial reliability and validation studies. , 1993 .

[45]  D. Klass Continuing Bonds in the Resolution of Grief in Japan and North America , 2001 .

[46]  Tony Walter,et al.  A new model of grief: Bereavement and biography , 1996 .

[47]  P. Silverman,et al.  Children's reactions to the death of a parent. , 1993 .

[48]  K. Bennett,et al.  The presence of the dead: An empirical study , 2000 .

[49]  B. Fiese,et al.  Family rituals as a protective factor for children with asthma. , 2000, Journal of pediatric psychology.

[50]  P. Rosenblatt,et al.  Shared Reminiscence about a Deceased Parent: Implications for Grief Education and Grief Counseling , 1990 .

[51]  Mary Jo Neitz,et al.  Culture: Sociological Perspectives , 1993 .

[52]  T. Attig The importance of conceiving of grief as an active process , 1991 .

[53]  M. P. Carroll,et al.  The Distancing of Emotion in Ritual [and Comments and Reply] , 1977, Current Anthropology.

[54]  S. Freud The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud , 1953 .

[55]  I. Ismail,et al.  Doing counseling research , 1999 .

[56]  P. Rosenblatt Ethics of qualitative interviewing with grieving families. , 1995, Death studies.

[57]  D. Klass,et al.  Continuing Bonds : New Understandings of Grief , 1996 .

[58]  R. J. Parker,et al.  A Typology of Ritual: Paradigms for Healing and Empowerment , 1996 .

[59]  G. Riches,et al.  Communities of feeling: The culture of bereaved parents , 1996 .

[60]  Brian Hayden Alliances and ritual ecstasy: human responses to resource stress , 1987 .

[61]  C. M. Parkes,et al.  Grief and mourning in cross-cultural perspective , 1978 .

[62]  Norman K. Denzin The Methodological Implications of Symbolic Interactionism for the Study of Deviance , 1974 .

[63]  M. Stroebe Bereavement Research and Theory: Retrospective and Prospective , 2001 .