Homoclinic tangles associated with closed invariant curves in families of 2-D maps

In this paper we describe some sequences of global bifurcations of attracting and repelling closed invariant curves of two-dimensional maps that have a fixed point which may lose stability both via a supercritical Neimark bifurcation and a supercritical flip bifurcation. These bifurcations, characterized by the creation of heteroclinic and homoclinic connections or homoclinic tangles, are first described through qualitative phase diagrams and then by numerical examples.

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