The Origins of All-or-None Learning.

BRAINERD, CHARLES J., and HOWE, MARK L. The Origins of All-or-None Learning. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 1028-1034. The question of whether very young children learn simple associations incrementally or in an all-or-none manner was examined in 3 experiments. The Estes RTT paradigm was used in all 3 experiments. The subjects were 3and 4-year-olds who learned letternumeral pairs. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that these items were learned in an all-or-none manner. A key finding was that the conditional probability of a success following an error did not exceed chance on pairs of test trials without intervening reinforcement. The conditional probabilities of successes and errors remained stationary across successive RTT blocks.

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