Design of driven piles in sand

Estimation of the axial capacity of piles driven into sand involves considerable uncertainty, and design rules are generally not consistent with the physical processes involved. This Paper reviews current understanding of the factors that determine the axial capacity of piles driven into sand, and outlines a new framework for design which takes account of the physical processes, is consistent with the existing database of load test results, and is sufficiently flexible to permit refinement as new data become available. It allows for the effects of confining stress on the frictional and compressibility characteristics of sand, and hence on end-bearing capacity. In keeping with field observations, shaft friction is assumed to degrade with driving of the pile past a particular location, from an initial maximum value linked to the local end-bearing capacity. The resulting design approach is compared with field data, and effects of factors such as the direction of loading are discussed. L'estimation de la resi...

[1]  C. I. Mansur,et al.  Pile Tests, Low-Sill Structures, Old River, La. , 1956 .

[2]  Aleksandar Sedmak Vesić,et al.  A study of bearing capacity of deep foundations , 1967 .

[3]  F. E. Richart,et al.  Vibrations of soils and foundations , 1970 .

[4]  Aleksandar S. Vesic,et al.  Tests on Instrumented Piles, Ogeechee River Site , 1970 .

[5]  E. Dibiagio,et al.  Load tests on friction piles in loose sand : Conference. Session three. 11F, 3T, 2R. PROC. EIGHTH INT. CONF. ON SOIL MECH. FOUND. ENGNG, MOSCOW, 1973, V2.1, 1973, P109–117 , 1975 .

[6]  E. Heerema,et al.  Predicting Pile Driveability: Heather As An Illustration Of The "Friction Fatigue" Theory , 1978 .

[7]  T Hanna.  RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILES , 1979 .

[8]  F. L. Beringen,et al.  Pile foundations for large North Sea structures , 1979 .

[9]  Harry G. Poulos,et al.  Pile foundation analysis and design , 1980 .

[10]  R. S. Olsen,et al.  Soil Classification Using Electric Cone Penetrometer , 1981 .

[11]  L. M. Kraft,et al.  Bearing capacity of shallow footing, sand over clay , 1983 .

[12]  Fred H. Kulhawy,et al.  Limiting Tip and Side Resistance - Fact or Fallacy? , 1984 .

[13]  Joseph Ray Meyer.  Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations , 1984 .

[14]  W. R. Cox,et al.  Pile Load Tests in Dense Sand: Planning, Instrumentation, and Results , 1985 .

[15]  J. Booker,et al.  Cavity expansion in cohesive frictional soils , 1986 .

[16]  Ken Been,et al.  The cone penetration test in sands: part I, state parameter interpretation , 1986 .

[17]  M. Bolton.  THE STRENGTH AND DILATANCY OF SANDS , 1986 .

[18]  Ken Been,et al.  THE CONE PENETRATION TEST IN SANDS: PART II, GENERAL INFERENCE OF STATE , 1987 .

[19]  H. Kishida,et al.  Tests of the interface between sand and steel in the simple shear apparatus , 1987 .

[20]  M. D. Bolton,et al.  Discussion: The strength and dilatancy of sands , 1987 .

[21]  G T Houlsby,et al.  CALIBRATION CHAMBER TESTS OF A CONE PENETROMETER IN SAND. DISCUSSION , 1988 .

[22]  M. L. Lings,et al.  An Appraisal of API RP2A Recommendations for Determining Skin Friction of Piles in Sand , 1990 .

[23]  William J. Neely,et al.  BEARING CAPACITY OF EXPANDED-BASE PILES IN SAND , 1990 .

[24]  F. Brucy,et al.  Behavior of pile plug in sandy soils during and after driving , 1991 .

[25]  L. Hayman,et al.  Correspondence , 1992, Neuroradiology.

[26]  M. Pender,et al.  Cavity expansion in sands under drained loading conditions , 1992 .

[27]  Barry Lehane,et al.  Mechanisms of Shaft Friction in Sand from Instrumented Pile Tests , 1994 .

[28]  Shad M. Sargand,et al.  Tensile and Compressive Shaft Capacity of Piles in Sand , 1995 .