Influence of Emerging Semiconductive Nanoparticles on AC Dielectric Strength of Synthetic Ester Midel-7131 Insulating Oil

Exploring impressively effective dielectric nanofluids for transformers to improve dielectric strength and thermal stability is indispensable. It is crucial to determine the modification mechanism of dispersed nanomaterials in insulating oil for operative applications in power transformers. This paper aspires to authenticate the experimental evidence of the enhancing AC dielectric strength of synthetic ester Midel-7131 using two newly introduced semiconductive nanoparticles, CdS and Co3O4, and uncover the potential reasons for enhanced AC dielectric strength. The AC breakdown voltage (BDV) of synthetic ester and nanofluids was investigated and statistically evaluated. The mean AC breakdown voltage of SE/CdS and SE/Co3O4 was increased by 31.9% and 31.3%, respectively. The augmentation in AC breakdown strength is possibly due to the facilitated charge-scavenging ability owing to the large specific surface area and wide bandgap. Simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and derivative thermogravimetry analyses (TGA–DSC–DTG) confirmed that the initial decomposition temperature was high and heat dissipation was low, indicating that the nanofluids were thermally stable in both air and nitrogen. Hence, emerging semiconductive CdS and Co3O4-based nanofluids of synthetic ester possess remarkable dielectric strength and thermal stability enhancement for their application in power transformers.

[1]  Feipeng Wang,et al.  An Experimental Study and Statistical Analysis on Enhanced AC Breakdown Strength of CdS and Alumina based Nanofluids , 2022, International Conference on Development and Learning.

[2]  Feipeng Wang,et al.  Significantly Elevated AC Dielectric Strength of Synthetic Ester Oil-based Nanofluids by Varying Morphology of CdS Nano-additives , 2022, Journal of Molecular Liquids.

[3]  V. P. Charalampakos,et al.  Breakdown Performance and Partial Discharge Development in Transformer Oil-Based Metal Carbide Nanofluids , 2022, Nanomaterials.

[4]  A. Beroual,et al.  AC Breakdown Voltage and Partial Discharge Activity in Synthetic Ester-Based Fullerene and Graphene Nanofluids , 2022, IEEE Access.

[5]  Feipeng Wang,et al.  Effect of SiO2 Nanoparticle's Size and Doping Concentration on AC Breakdown Behavior of Insulating Oil-based Nanofluids , 2021, 2021 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP).

[6]  A. Beroual,et al.  AC and Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltages of Natural Ester Based Fullerene Nanofluids , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[7]  S. Basu,et al.  Development of Graphene Oxide Dispersed Natural Ester Based Insulating Oil for Transformers , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[8]  S. Basu,et al.  Dielectric Behavior of Natural Ester Based Mineral Oil Blend Dispersed with TiO2 And ZnO Nanoparticles as Insulating Fluid for Transformers , 2021 .

[9]  P. Kurzweil,et al.  Environmental Impact and Aging Properties of Natural and Synthetic Transformer Oils under Electrical Stress Conditions , 2021, Advanced Sustainable Systems.

[10]  Yamuna Mariappan,et al.  A comprehensive review on nanotechnology for enhancement in performance of transformer liquid insulation , 2021, Materials Today: Proceedings.

[11]  M. Lehtonen,et al.  Accurate Insulating Oil Breakdown Voltage Model Associated with Different Barrier Effects , 2021, Processes.

[12]  Avinash Srikanta Murthy,et al.  Investigation of the Effect of Sonication Time on Dispersion Stability, Dielectric Properties, and Heat Transfer of Graphene Based Green Nanofluids , 2021, IEEE Access.

[13]  A. Beroual,et al.  Statistical Analysis of AC Dielectric Strength of Natural Ester-Based ZnO Nanofluids , 2020, Energies.

[14]  K. Chattopadhyay,et al.  2D square nanosheets of Anatase TiO2: A surfactant free nanofiller for transformer oil nanofluids , 2020 .

[15]  Muhammad Rafiq,et al.  Transformer oil-based nanofluid: The application of nanomaterials on thermal, electrical and physicochemical properties of liquid insulation-A review , 2020 .

[16]  V. P. Charalampakos,et al.  Dielectric strength and stability of natural ester oil based TiO2 nanofluids , 2020 .

[17]  A. Beroual,et al.  Lightning impulse breakdown voltage of synthetic and natural ester liquids-based Fe3O4, Al2O3 and SiO2 nanofluids , 2020 .

[18]  Hongxia Wang,et al.  Seeking optimized transformer oil-based nanofluids by investigation of the modification mechanism of nano-dielectrics , 2020 .

[19]  E. Pyrgioti,et al.  AC Breakdown Performance of A12O3 and SiC Natural Ester Based Nanofluids , 2020, 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe).

[20]  Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour,et al.  Thermal performance of transformers filled with environmentally friendly oils under various loading conditions , 2020 .

[21]  C. Renedo,et al.  Effect of TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles on the Performance of Dielectric Nanofluids Based on Vegetable Esters During Their Aging , 2020, Nanomaterials.

[22]  Q. Yang,et al.  Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and electrodes surface-modified by low-temperature plasma on impulse breakdown voltage of propylene carbonate , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[23]  Muhammad Rafiq,et al.  The impacts of nanotechnology on the improvement of liquid insulation of transformers: Emerging trends and challenges , 2020 .

[24]  M. Ali,et al.  Improving the heat transfer capability and thermal stability of vehicle engine oils using Al2O3/TiO2 nanomaterials , 2020 .

[25]  R. Saidur,et al.  Influence of solvents on the enhancement of thermophysical properties and stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanofluid , 2020, Nanotechnology.

[26]  Mohamed A. Izzularab,et al.  Partial Discharge Development in Oil-Based Nanofluids: Inception, Propagation and Time Transition , 2020, IEEE Access.

[27]  Usama Khaled,et al.  Statistical Investigation of Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltage of Natural and Synthetic Ester Oils-Based Fe3O4, Al2O3 and SiO2 Nanofluids , 2020, IEEE Access.

[28]  Jasronita Jasni,et al.  Investigation of the Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Non-Edible Cottonseed Oil by Infusing h-BN Nanoparticles , 2020, IEEE Access.

[29]  Norhafiz Azis,et al.  Effect of molecular structure on oxidative degradation of ester based transformer oil , 2019, Tribology International.

[30]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Intrinsic intermediate gap states of TiO2 materials and their roles in charge carrier kinetics , 2019, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews.

[31]  W. Sima,et al.  A Promising Nano-Insulating-Oil for Industrial Application: Electrical Properties and Modification Mechanism , 2019, Nanomaterials.

[32]  Usama Khaled,et al.  AC dielectric strength of synthetic ester-based Fe3O4, Al2O3 and SiO2 nanofluids — conformity with normal and weibull distributions , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[33]  U. Baig,et al.  Synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles and their performance towards methyl orange dye removal: Characterisation, adsorption and response surface methodology , 2019, Journal of Cleaner Production.

[34]  S. N. Mahato,et al.  Synthetic ester oil based high permittivity CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) nanofluids an alternative insulating medium for power transformer , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[35]  Sadjad Naderi,et al.  Morphology characterisation of inclusions to predict the breakdown strength in electro-ceramic materials: Microstructure modelling , 2018, Ceramics International.

[36]  Ruijin Liao,et al.  Effect of Moisture on Particles Accumulation and Oil Breakdown Characteristics in Mineral Oil and Natural Ester Under Non-Uniform DC Electrical Field , 2019, IEEE Access.

[37]  A. Beroual,et al.  AC Dielectric Strength of Mineral Oil-Based Fe3O4 and Al2O3 Nanofluids , 2018, Energies.

[38]  K. Chattopadhyay,et al.  Amorphous graphene – Transformer oil nanofluids with superior thermal and insulating properties , 2018, Carbon.

[39]  Omid Mahian,et al.  Nanofluids in the Service of High Voltage Transformers: Breakdown Properties of Transformer Oils with Nanoparticles, a Review , 2018, Energies.

[40]  Grzegorz Dombek,et al.  Electro-Insulating Nanofluids Based on Synthetic Ester and TiO2 or C60 Nanoparticles in Power Transformer , 2018, Energies.

[41]  B. Qi,et al.  Effect of Nanoparticle Morphology on Pre-Breakdown and Breakdown Properties of Insulating Oil-Based Nanofluids , 2018, Nanomaterials.

[42]  F. R. Hashim,et al.  Breakdown strength of transformer oil filled with carbon nanotubes under various gap distances , 2018 .

[43]  C. R. Li,et al.  Statistical analysis of moisture's effect on AC breakdown strength of TiO 2 nanofluids , 2018 .

[44]  A. Beroual,et al.  AC Dielectric Strength of Mineral Oil-Based Fe 3 O 4 and Al 2 O 3 Nanofluids , 2018 .

[45]  S. N. Mahato,et al.  Dielectric and thermal conductivity studies on synthetic ester oil based TiO2 nanofluids , 2017, 2017 3rd International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON).

[46]  Lei Wang,et al.  Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the ion mobilities in transformer oil-based nanofluid , 2017 .

[47]  P. Rajaram,et al.  Structural, optical and morphological properties of CdS nanoparticles synthesized using hydrazine hydrate as a complexing agent , 2017 .

[48]  Kai Wu,et al.  Interface charges between insulating materials , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[49]  G. Dombek,et al.  Cooling properties of natural ester modified by nanopowders fullerene C60 and TiO2 for high voltage insulation applications , 2017, 2017 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM).

[50]  Suhaib Umer Ilyas,et al.  Stability and thermal analysis of MWCNT-thermal oil-based nanofluids , 2017 .

[51]  Henry B. H. Sitorus,et al.  Comparative Study of Breakdown Voltage of Mineral, Synthetic and Natural Oils and Based Mineral Oil Mixtures under AC and DC Voltages , 2017 .

[52]  Juan Carlos Burgos,et al.  Studying the loss of life of natural-ester-filled transformer insulation: impact of moisture on the aging rate of paper , 2017, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine.

[53]  Lakshmi Sirisha Maganti,et al.  Enhanced breakdown performance of Anatase and Rutile titania based nano-oils , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[54]  Ying Yang,et al.  Characterization of high performance AIN nanoparticle-based transformer oil nanofluids , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[55]  Chengrong Li,et al.  A Review on Properties, Opportunities, and Challenges of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids , 2016 .

[56]  Ulf W. Gedde,et al.  Charge Transport in LDPE Nanocomposites Part I—Experimental Approach , 2016, Polymers.

[57]  R. Vinu,et al.  Characterization of Thermal Stability of Synthetic and Semi-Synthetic Engine Oils , 2015 .

[58]  W. Sima,et al.  Effects of conductivity and permittivity of nanoparticle on transformer oil insulation performance: experiment and theory , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[59]  Hailing Hu,et al.  Solution synthesized CdS nanoparticles for hybrid solar cell applications , 2015, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.

[60]  V. Haramija,et al.  Thermal properties of synthetic ester-based transformer oil during ageing in laboratory conditions , 2014, 2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL).

[61]  A. Beroual,et al.  Comparative study of statistical breakdown in mineral, synthetic and natural ester oils under AC voltage , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[62]  M. Zahn,et al.  Preparation of a vegetable oil-based nanofluid and investigation of its breakdown and dielectric properties , 2012, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine.

[63]  Li Chengrong,et al.  AC and lightning breakdown strength of transformer oil modified by semiconducting nanoparticles , 2011, CEIDP 2011.

[64]  R. Seoudi,et al.  Effect of the prepared temperature on the size of CdS and ZnS nanoparticle , 2010 .

[65]  J. K. Nelson,et al.  Dielectric Polymer Nanocomposites , 2010 .

[66]  Z.D. Wang,et al.  Particle Effect on Breakdown Voltage of Mineral and Ester Based Transformer Oils , 2008, 2008 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

[67]  M. Zahn,et al.  Modeling of Streamer Propagation in Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids , 2008, 2008 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

[68]  Z. Wang,et al.  Statistical analysis of the AC breakdown voltages of ester based transformer oils , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[69]  Zhicheng Zhang,et al.  In situ fabrication of mesoporous CdS nanoparticles in microemulsion by gamma ray irradiation , 2008 .

[70]  Masaru Kuno,et al.  Size-dependent electron injection from excited CdSe quantum dots into TiO2 nanoparticles. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[71]  Stephen U. S. Choi.  Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nano-particles , 1995 .

[72]  S. Shapiro,et al.  An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples) , 1965 .

[73]  T. W. Anderson,et al.  Asymptotic Theory of Certain "Goodness of Fit" Criteria Based on Stochastic Processes , 1952 .