Ecological Interface Design for Military Command and Control

The authors use the cognitive systems engineering framework to design and evaluate an interface for military command and control. They discuss analytic tools and principles of this framework and provide concrete examples (e.g., work domain analyses for U.S. Army tactical operations at the battalion level). They also discuss principles of ecological interface design, including direct perception, direct manipulation, and the perception-action loop. The translation between work domain analyses and the specific characteristics of the interface are made explicit. The authors describe the potential for this interface to support effective decision making and problem solving, including links with naturalistic decision-making approaches. Evaluations of the interface have been positive and are described briefly. Actual or potential applications of this research include both specific interface design strategies for military command and control and general interface design principles for this category of work domain.