Assessment of the performance of carrier-phase and Doppler smoothing code for low-cost GNSS receiver positioning

Abstract With the wide civil applications of low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, precise positioning based on low-cost receiver attracted extensive attention. Because the noise of pseudo-range measurement is one of the important factors affecting the performance of GNSS positioning, carrier-phase smoothed code and Doppler smoothed code have been generally used to reduce the effect of pseudo-range noise and improve the positioning accuracy. In view of this, we will focus on the analysis of Carrier-phase smoothed code and Doppler smoothed code with low-cost GNSS receiver to improve the positioning performance. Firstly, we investigated the optimal smoothing window of Carrier-phase smoothed code and Doppler smoothed code. Secondly, some static and kinematic positioning experiments were carried out in an open environment and under environment with obvious obstruction by low-cost receiver, respectively. The experiment results illustrated that the Carrier-phase smoothed code and Doppler smoothed code can improve positioning accuracy of meter-lever. In the static experiment, the positioning accuracy of Carrier-phase smoothed code with the optimal smoothing window is better than that of Doppler smoothed code in the open sky while it is not as good as the Doppler smoothed code with the optimal smoothing window with obvious obstruction. In the kinematic experiment, the positioning accuracy of Carrier-phase smoothed code with the optimal smoothing window was slightly improved compared with the Doppler smoothed code in an open environment, but was significantly degraded compared with the Doppler smoothed code under environment with obvious obstruction.