UsingGolf Courses to Bolster Amphibian Communities University of Missouri scientists provide amphibian management guidelines for ecologically minded superintendents.

Many wildlife species are declining and we face a general biodiversity crisis worldwide. One of the primary reasons for this crisis is the loss and alteration of natural habitat for species.16 As human populations expand, wildlife is displaced and needed resources are eliminated. Along with development of living space for humans, we crave green recreational areas to pursue leisure pastimes such as golf and enjoying the outdoors. In fact, in the United States, more than 24.5 million men, women, and youth spend 2.4 billion hours playing on 16,000-plus golf courses.14 Managing landscapes with an eye for both human use and preservation of natural resources can create a win-win situation for humans and wildlife.9 Our goal is to provide managers with biologically determined criteria and techniques for bolstering the diversity of amphibians on golf courses.