Profile characteristics of temporal stability of soil water storage in two land uses

Information on soil water storage (SWS) within soil profiles is essential in order to characterize hydrological and biological processes. One of the challenges is to develop low cost and efficient sampling strategies for area estimation of profile SWS. To test the existence of certain sample locations which consistently represent mean behavior irrespective of soil profile wetness, temporal stability of SWS in ten soil layers from 0 to 400 cm was analyzed in two land uses (grassland and shrub land), on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Temporal stability analyses were conducted using two methods viz. Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) and mean relative differences. The results showed that both spatial variability and time stability of SWS increased with increasing soil depth, and this trend was mainly observed at above 200 cm depth. High rs (p < 0.01) indicated a strong temporal stability of spatial patterns for all soil layers. Temporal stability increased with increasing soil depth, based on either rs or standard deviation of relative difference index. The boundary between the temporal unstable and stable layer of SWS for shrub land and grassland uses was 280 and 160 cm depth, respectively. No single location could represent the mean SWS for all ten soil layers. For temporal stable layers, however, some sampling locations could represent the mean SWS at different layers. With increasing soil depth, more locations were able to estimate the mean SWS of the area, and the accuracy of prediction for the representative locations also increased.

[1]  Temporal stability of shallow soil water content for three adjacent transects on a hillslope , 2012 .

[2]  David R. Huggins,et al.  Spatio-temporal patterns of soil water storage under dryland agriculture at the watershed scale , 2011 .

[3]  Michael H. Cosh,et al.  Surface and profile soil moisture spatio-temporal analysis during an excessive rainfall period in the Southern Great Plains, USA , 2009 .

[4]  D. Rosen,et al.  Inferring the location of catchment characteristic soil moisture monitoring sites. Covariance structures in the temporal domain , 2003 .

[5]  B. Si,et al.  Representative Soil Water Benchmarking for Environmental Monitoring , 2004 .

[6]  W. Wallender,et al.  PLOTSIZE AND SAMPLE NUMBER FOR NEUTRON PROBE MEASUREMENTS IN SMALL FIELD TRIALS , 1993 .

[7]  Marnik Vanclooster,et al.  Intraseasonal dynamics of soil moisture variability within a small agricultural maize cropped field , 2002 .

[8]  Thomas J. Jackson,et al.  Temporal stability of soil moisture profile , 2006 .

[9]  M. Shao,et al.  Temporal stability of soil water storage in diverse soil layers , 2012 .

[10]  B. Kay,et al.  Factors contributing to temporal stability in spatial patterns of water content in the tillage zone , 2001 .

[11]  Thomas J. Jackson,et al.  Large scale measurements of soil moisture for validation of remotely sensed data: Georgia soil moisture experiment of 2003☆ , 2006 .

[12]  Wei Hu,et al.  Evaluation of time stability indices for soil water storage upscaling , 2012 .

[13]  Luca Brocca,et al.  Soil moisture temporal stability at different depths on two alpine hillslopes during wet and dry periods , 2013 .

[14]  Andrew W. Western,et al.  Towards areal estimation of soil water content from point measurements: time and space stability of mean response , 1998 .

[15]  T. Jackson,et al.  Temporal persistence and stability of surface soil moisture in a semi-arid watershed , 2008 .

[16]  Yun-qiang Wang,et al.  A preliminary investigation of the dynamic characteristics of dried soil layers on the Loess Plateau of China , 2010 .

[17]  Jennifer M. Jacobs,et al.  Soil moisture variability of root zone profiles within SMEX02 remote sensing footprints , 2007 .

[18]  James P. McNamara,et al.  Spatial variation and temporal stability of soil water in a snow‐dominated, mountain catchment , 2004 .

[19]  M. Shao,et al.  Using a New Criterion to Identify Sites for Mean Soil Water Storage Evaluation , 2010 .

[20]  Henry Lin.  Temporal Stability of Soil Moisture Spatial Pattern and Subsurface Preferential Flow Pathways in the Shale Hills Catchment , 2006 .

[21]  R. Horn,et al.  Controls of surface soil moisture spatial patterns and their temporal stability in a semi‐arid steppe , 2010 .

[22]  B. Fu,et al.  Soil moisture variation in relation to topography and land use in a hillslope catchment of the Loess Plateau, China , 2001 .

[23]  José Martínez-Fernández,et al.  Temporal Stability of Soil Moisture in a Large‐Field Experiment in Spain , 2003 .

[24]  Impacts of land-use pattern on soil water-content variability on the Loess Plateau of China , 2010 .

[25]  Arindrajit Pal,et al.  Delay Prediction in Mobile Ad Hoc Network using Artificial Neural Network , 2012 .

[26]  V. Castillo,et al.  Spatial patterns and temporal stability of soil moisture across a range of scales in a semi‐arid environment , 2000 .

[27]  T. Jackson,et al.  Watershed scale temporal and spatial stability of soil moisture and its role in validating satellite estimates , 2004 .

[28]  Michael H. Cosh,et al.  Temporal Stability of Soil Water Contents: A Review of Data and Analyses , 2012 .

[29]  D. K. Cassel,et al.  Field Capacity and Available Water Capacity , 2018, SSSA Book Series.

[30]  Luca Brocca,et al.  Soil moisture temporal stability over experimental areas in Central Italy. , 2009 .

[31]  D. D. Boscha,et al.  Large scale measurements of soil moisture for validation of remotely sensed data : Georgia soil moisture experiment of 2003 * , 2006 .

[32]  D. K. Cassel,et al.  Assessing Spatial Variability in an Agricultural Experiment Station Field: Opportunities Arising from Spatial Dependence , 2000 .

[33]  P. Wierenga,et al.  Temporal Stability of Spatially Measured Soil Matric Potential Probability Density Function , 2001 .

[34]  Thomas J. Jackson,et al.  Comparison of ground-based and remotely-sensed surface soil moisture estimates over complex terrain during SMEX04 , 2008 .

[35]  M. Shao,et al.  Watershed scale temporal stability of soil water content , 2010 .

[36]  G. Vachaud,et al.  Temporal Stability of Spatially Measured Soil Water Probability Density Function , 1985 .

[37]  J. Famiglietti,et al.  Variability in surface moisture content along a hillslope transect: Rattlesnake Hill, Texas , 1998 .

[38]  L. Korsunskaya,et al.  Seasonal changes in root biomass, carbohydrate content, and structural characteristics of Gray Forest soil , 1995 .

[39]  J. Huisman,et al.  Temporal stability of soil moisture in various semi-arid steppe ecosystems and its application in remote sensing , 2008 .

[40]  A. Klute,et al.  Methods of soil analysis , 2015, American Potato Journal.

[41]  M. Shao,et al.  Time stability of soil water storage measured by neutron probe and the effects of calibration procedures in a small watershed , 2009 .

[42]  L. Yingying,et al.  Temporal stability of soil water content for a shallow and deep soil profile at a small catchment scale , 2012 .

[43]  E. Jong,et al.  Scale dependence and the temporal persistence of spatial patterns of soil water storage , 1988 .

[44]  C. Daughtry,et al.  Temporal stability in soil water content patterns across agricultural fields , 2008 .

[45]  David G. Chandler,et al.  Controls on the temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture in a mountainous landscape: the signature of snow and complex terrain , 2008 .