Programmable responsive shaping behavior induced by visible multi-dimensional gradients of magnetic nanoparticles

Herein, we report a new ‘programmable’ responsive shaping behavior induced by the visible multi-dimensional gradient of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP): the materials exhibit different local curvatures and a sequence of responsive shapes during the responsive process; the sequence and the local curvature are accurately defined by ‘programmed instructions’—MNP gradients in the materials.

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