"Risk" in fisheries management: a review

Risk" has appeared more frequently in the fisheries management literature in recent years. The reasons for this are partly internal (scientists seeking better ways to advise fishery managers) and partly external (e.g., adoption of the precautionary approach). Though terminology varies, there is consensus that there are two stages in dealing with risk. The first (here called risk assessment) is the formulation of advice for fisheries managers in a way that conveys the possible consequences of uncertainty. This advice is in the form of an evaluation of the expected effects of alternative management options, rather than recommendations. Risk assessment has been undertaken in many fisheries, and there is general agreement as to how it should be done (although technical details differ). The second stage (risk management) is the way fishery managers take uncertainty into account in making decisions. Much fisheries risk management is informal, i.e., nonquantitative, undocumented, and loosely linked (if at all) with a risk assessment. The major reason for this is that the objectives of fisheries management are often conflicting and are rarely stated in a way that provides explicit direction to managers or scientists. Resume : Le mot risque est employe plus frequemment dans la documentation sur la gestion des peches au cours des dernieres annees. S'il en est ainsi, c'est en partie pour des raisons internes (les scientifiques cherchent de meilleures facons de conseiller les gestionnaires des peches) et en partie pour des raisons externes (p. ex., l'adoption d'une approche prudente). Bien que la terminologie varie, il y a consensus sur le fait qu'il existe deux niveaux lorsqu'on parle de risque. Le premier niveau (appele ici evaluation du risque) est la formulation d'un conseil a l'intention des gestionnaires des peches d'une maniere qui met en lumiere les consequences possibles de l'incertitude. Ce conseil prend la forme d'une evaluation des effets prevus de differentes options de gestion, plutot que de recommandations. L'evaluation du risque a ete entreprise dans le cas de nombreuses pecheries et, de facon generale, on s'entend sur la facon dont elle doit etre effectuee (bien que les details techniques varient). Le deuxieme niveau (gestion du risque) est la facon dont les gestionnaires des peches tiennent compte de l'incertitude lorsqu'ils prennent des decisions. Une grande partie de la gestion du risque dans le domaine des peches est informelle, c'est-a-dire, non quantitative, non documentee et liee vaguement a une evaluation du risque (si jamais elle l'est). La principale raison qui justifie cette situation, c'est que les objectifs en matiere de gestion des peches sont souvent contradictoires et qu'ils sont rarement formules d'une maniere qui donne des instructions explicites aux gestionnaires ou aux scientifiques. (Traduit par la Redaction)

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