This chapter presents the parameters and methodologies for describing the surface topography and texture. It discusses the 2D roughness parameters and covers the 2D amplitude parameters, 2D amplitude distribution parameters, 2D slope parameters, 2D spacing parameters, and the other 2D parameters that do not fit conveniently into the heights, distribution, slopes or spacings classes and the motif parameters. In order to understand the range of parameters that can be used, it is necessary to explain the amplitude distribution function (ADF) and the bearing area curve (BAC). The chapter also discusses 3D parameters and describes the 3D height parameters, 3D height distribution parameters, 3D spatial parameters, 3D hybrid parameters, and 3D functional parameters. In many instances, the parameters that are determined from a single 2D trace are unable to define a surface satisfactorily because surfaces interact in three-dimensions and not two. In order to achieve traceability, metrology requires a set of recognized and standardized parameters. The latter part of the chapter discusses the variability of roughness parameters, manufacturing processes and surface parameters, and parameters and functional performance in detail.
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