Design of new generation femoral prostheses using functionally graded materials: A finite element analysis

This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of a functionally graded femoral prosthesis. The model consisted of a femoral prosthesis created from functionally graded materials (FGMs), cement, and femur. The hip prosthesis was composed of FGMs made of titanium alloy, chrome–cobalt, and hydroxyapatite at volume fraction gradient exponents of 0, 1, and 5, respectively. The stress was measured on the femoral prosthesis, cement, and femur. Stress on the neck of the femoral prosthesis was not sensitive to the properties of the constituent material. However, stress on the stem and cement decreased proportionally as the volume fraction gradient exponent of the FGM increased. Meanwhile, stress became uniform on the cement mantle layer. In addition, stress on the femur in the proximal part increased and a high surface area of the femoral part was involved in absorbing the stress. As such, the stress-shielding area decreased. The results obtained in this study are significant in the design and longevity of new prosthetic devices because FGMs offer the potential to achieve stress distribution that more closely resembles that of the natural bone in the femur.

[1]  Mary L Bouxsein,et al.  Determinants of skeletal fragility. , 2005, Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology.

[2]  Michael V. Swain,et al.  Design optimization of functionally graded dental implant for bone remodeling , 2009 .

[3]  Venkatesh Saligrama,et al.  Stem surface roughness alters creep induced subsidence and 'taper-lock' in a cemented femoral hip prosthesis. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.

[4]  H. Mishina,et al.  Fabrication of ZrO2/AISI316L functionally graded materials for joint prostheses , 2008 .

[5]  J. Bolton,et al.  Corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of functionally gradient materials developed for possible hard-tissue applications , 1997, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[6]  José A. Simões,et al.  Design of a composite hip femoral prosthesis , 2005 .

[7]  Y Youm,et al.  Three dimensional shape reconstruction and finite element analysis of femur before and after the cementless type of total hip replacement. , 1993, Journal of biomedical engineering.

[9]  A. Sarmiento,et al.  Long-term radiographic changes in cemented total hip arthroplasty with six designs of femoral components. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[10]  Peter Greil,et al.  Functionally graded materials for biomedical applications , 2003 .

[11]  R. Brand,et al.  Pelvic muscle and acetabular contact forces during gait. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.

[12]  Oguz Kayabasi,et al.  The effects of static, dynamic and fatigue behavior on three-dimensional shape optimization of hip prosthesis by finite element method , 2007 .

[13]  Tarun Goswami,et al.  Finite element analysis of hip stem designs , 2008 .

[14]  M. Doblaré,et al.  A comparative FEA of the debonding process in different concepts of cemented hip implants. , 2006, Medical engineering & physics.

[15]  Wolfgang A. Kaysser,et al.  Functionally graded materials for sensor and energy applications , 2003 .

[16]  A. Agarwal,et al.  Development of high strength hydroxyapatite by solid-state-sintering process , 2007 .

[17]  M.S.J. Hashmi,et al.  Material selection in the design of the femoral component of cemented total hip replacement , 2002 .

[18]  C J Wirth,et al.  Numerical investigations of stress shielding in total hip prostheses , 2008, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine.

[19]  C. Wen,et al.  Numerical investigation of the effect of porous titanium femoral prosthesis on bone remodeling , 2011 .

[20]  C. Thomas,et al.  Relation between age, femoral neck cortical stability, and hip fracture risk , 2005, The Lancet.

[21]  Emil H Schemitsch,et al.  A preliminary biomechanical study of a novel carbon-fibre hip implant versus standard metallic hip implants. , 2011, Medical engineering & physics.

[22]  M. Browne,et al.  Probabilistic finite element analysis of the uncemented hip replacement--effect of femur characteristics and implant design geometry. , 2010, Journal of biomechanics.

[23]  B. Beynnon,et al.  Total hip arthroplasty with the Secur-Fit and Secur-Fit plus femoral stem design a brief follow-up report at 5 to 10 years. , 2008, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[24]  Wang Shidong,et al.  Hydroxyapatite–Ti functionally graded biomaterial fabricated by powder metallurgy , 1999 .

[25]  Tarun Goswami,et al.  Hip implants VII: Finite element analysis and optimization of cross-sections , 2008 .

[26]  E. Abel,et al.  A finite element analysis of hollow stemmed hip prostheses as a means of reducing stress shielding of the femur. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.

[27]  Manuel Doblaré,et al.  Analysis of the debonding of the stem–cement interface in intramedullary fixation using a non-linear fracture mechanics approach , 2005 .

[28]  Jingchuan Zhu,et al.  In vivo study on biocompatibility and bonding strength of Ti/Ti–20 vol.% HA/Ti–40 vol.% HA functionally graded biomaterial with bone tissues in the rabbit , 2006 .

[29]  H. S. Hedia,et al.  Improved design of cementless hip stems using two-dimensional functionally graded materials. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[30]  P. Colombi,et al.  Fatigue analysis of cemented hip prosthesis: damage accumulation scenario and sensitivity analysis , 2002 .

[31]  L. Nolte,et al.  Three-dimensional measurement of cemented femoral stem stability: an in vitro cadaver study. , 2000, Clinical Biomechanics.

[32]  Steven M. Arnold,et al.  Higher-order theory for functionally graded materials , 1999 .

[33]  Hasan Kurtaran,et al.  Static, dynamic and fatigue behavior of newly designed stem shapes for hip prosthesis using finite element analysis , 2007 .

[34]  D. W. Bühler,et al.  Three-dimensional primary stability of cementless femoral stems. , 1997, Clinical biomechanics.

[35]  H. Awaji,et al.  Properties of multilayered mullite/Mo functionally graded materials fabricated by powder metallurgy processing , 2005 .

[36]  Mohammad Saleem,et al.  THERMO ELASTIC ANALYSIS OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED ROTATING DISK WITH SMALL AND LARGE DEFLECTIONS , 2007 .

[37]  R Huiskes,et al.  Mathematical optimization of elastic properties: application to cementless hip stem design. , 1997, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[38]  G. J. Nie,et al.  Material tailoring and analysis of functionally graded isotropic and incompressible linear elastic hollow cylinders , 2010 .

[39]  D. Murray,et al.  Effect of modular neck variation on bone and cement mantle mechanics around a total hip arthroplasty stem. , 2009, Clinical biomechanics.

[40]  H Oonishi,et al.  Orthopaedic applications of hydroxyapatite. , 1991, Biomaterials.