The Statistical Frame of Mind in Systematic Biology from Quantitative Zoology to Biometry

The twentieth century witnessed a dramatic increase in the useof statistics by biologists, including systematists. The modern synthesis and new systematics stimulated thisdevelopment, particularly after World War II. The rise of ``thestatistical frame of mind'' resulted in a rethinking of relationship between biological and mathematical points of theview, the roles of objectivity and subjectivity in systematicresearch, the implications of new computing technologies, and theplace of systematics among the biological disciplines.

[1]  Elliott Sober,et al.  Reconstructing the Past: Parsimony, Evolution, and Inference , 1989 .

[2]  David L. Hull,et al.  Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science, David L. Hull. 1988. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 608 pages. ISBN: 0-226-35060-4. $39.95 , 1989 .

[3]  R. Sokal,et al.  Principles of numerical taxonomy , 1965 .

[4]  John W. Tukey,et al.  Exploratory Data Analysis. , 1979 .

[5]  Ernst Mayr,et al.  Prologue: Some Thoughts on the History of the Evolutionary Synthesis , 1980 .

[6]  Lewontin Rc,et al.  Annotation: the analysis of variance and the analysis of causes. , 1974 .

[7]  Richard E. Blackwelder,et al.  Taxonomy: a Text and Reference Book , 1967 .

[8]  D Penny,et al.  Progress with methods for constructing evolutionary trees. , 1992, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[9]  E. Mayr,et al.  Methods and Principles of Systematic Zoology , 1953 .

[10]  Joel B. Hagen,et al.  1The introduction of computers into systematic research in the United States during the 1960s , 2001 .

[11]  Paul H. Harvey,et al.  New uses for new phylogenies , 1993, European Review.

[12]  J. Lake,et al.  Phylogenetic analysis & comparative genomics , 1998 .

[13]  William G. Cochran,et al.  Fisher and the Analysis of Variance , 1980 .

[14]  George Gaylord Simpson,et al.  Principles of Animal Taxonomy , 1961 .

[15]  E. Anderson.  The Species Problem in Iris , 1936 .

[16]  W. Provine,et al.  The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics , 1972 .

[17]  R. Sokal.  STATISTICAL METHODS IN SYSTEMATICS* , 1965, Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

[18]  R. Sokal.  VARIATION IN A LOCAL POPULATION OF PEMPHIGUS , 1952 .

[19]  D. MacKenzie,et al.  Statistics in Britain, 1865-1930 : the social construction of scientific knowledge , 1982 .

[20]  Kim Kleinman,et al.  How Graphical Innovations Assisted Edgar Anderson's Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology , 2002 .

[21]  Joel B. Hagen,et al.  The origins of bioinformatics , 2000, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[22]  Mark Ridley,et al.  Evolution and Classification: The Reformation of Cladism , 1986 .

[23]  E. Mayr.  The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance , 1983 .

[24]  V. Smocovitis.  G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. and the evolutionary synthesis (1924-1950). , 1997, American journal of botany.

[25]  E. Anderson.  The Technique and Use of Mass Collections in Plant Taxonomy , 1941 .

[26]  G. Simpson,et al.  Quantitative zoology : numerical concepts and methods in the study of recent and fossil animals , 1939 .

[27]  Peter Godfrey-Smith,et al.  Reconstructing the Past: Parsimony, Evolution, and Inference , 1989 .

[28]  G. Simpson.  PRIMATE TAXONOMY AND RECENT STUDIES OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES , 1962, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[29]  E. Anderson.  NATURAL HISTORY, STATISTICS, AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS , 1956 .

[30]  G. Simpson.  Why and How: Some Problems and Methods in Historical Biology , 1981 .

[31]  Julian Huxley,et al.  The new systematics , 1941 .

[32]  R. Sokal,et al.  A METHOD FOR DEDUCING BRANCHING SEQUENCES IN PHYLOGENY , 1965 .

[33]  Statistics and Mathematics in Biology. , 1955 .

[34]  K. Vernon.  Desperately seeking status: Evolutionary Systematics and the taxonomists' search for respectability 1940–60 , 1993, The British Journal for the History of Science.

[35]  E. Anderson.  The analysis of variation in cultivated plants with special reference to introgression , 1961, Euphytica.

[36]  R. Fisher,et al.  STUDIES IN CROP VARIATION , 2009 .

[37]  R. Kohler,,et al.  Landscapes and Labscapes: Exploring the Lab-Field Border in Biology , 2002 .

[38]  Robert R. Sokal,et al.  The Two Taxonomies: Areas of Agreement and Conflict , 1965 .

[39]  Henry E. Kyburg,et al.  Science as Process. , 1993 .

[40]  Ernst Mayr,et al.  Principles of systematic zoology , 1969 .

[41]  Donald MacKenzie,et al.  Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust , 2001 .

[42]  Robert R. Sokal,et al.  EFFICIENCY IN TAXONOMY , 1966 .

[43]  R. Fisher.  THE USE OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS IN TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS , 1936 .

[44]  J. Hagen.  Naturalists, Molecular Biologists, and the Challenges of Molecular Evolution , 1999, Journal of the History of Biology.

[45]  Defenders of the Truth , 2000 .

[46]  C. E. Bessey.  Evolution and Classification , 1893, Botanical Gazette.

[47]  Annie Roe,et al.  The Making of a Scientist , 1953 .

[48]  O. Kempthorne,et al.  STATISTICS AND MATHEMATICS IN BIOLOGY , 1955 .

[49]  D. Hillis.  The emergence of Systematic Biology. , 2001, Systematic Biology.

[50]  Kevin de Queiroz,et al.  Principles of Systematic Zoology, 2nd Edition. , 1992 .

[51]  W. B. Turrill,et al.  Biometrical Studies on Herbarium Material , 1935, Nature.

[52]  J. Felsenstein.  Numerical Methods for Inferring Evolutionary Trees , 1982, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[53]  Joel B. Hagen,et al.  Experimentalists and naturalists in twentieth-century botany: Experimental taxonomy, 1920–1950 , 1984 .

[54]  R. Fisher.  Statistical methods for research workers , 1927, Protoplasma.

[55]  George Gaylord Simpson,et al.  The Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals. , 1945 .

[56]  G. Simpson.  DIAGNOSIS OF THE CLASSES REPTILIA AND MAMMALIA , 1960 .

[57]  K. Vernon.  The Founding of Numerical Taxonomy , 1988, The British Journal for the History of Science.

[58]  Numerical Taxonomy and Biological Classification. , 1964, Science.

[59]  Theodore M. Porter,et al.  Trust in Numbers , 2020 .

[60]  Ullica Segerstrale,et al.  Defenders Of The Truth: The Battle For Science In The Sociobiology Debate And Beyond , 2000 .

[61]  E. Anderson.  A Semigraphical Method for the Analysis of Complex Problems , 1960 .

[62]  F. James Rohlf,et al.  The Description of Taxonomic Relationships by Factor Analysis , 1962 .