Military service in cold environments and prevention, risk management of coldstress

The safety at military service in cold environments and prevention of cold stress are more serious than the same type of service in a warmer climate. It has been concluded that the frequency of accidents/versus temperature curves follow the U-shape with minimum near 20 °C. The effects of the low temperature can be divided into indirect, typically slipping accidents and direct effects, typically frostbites. Prevention of risks in cold environments can be done by planning of service, technical measures like reduction of cooling or heating by protective clothing.