Growth of Lower Stratospheric HCl/Cly Since 1993: Observations from Aircraft (ALIAS), Balloon (MarkIV, FIRS-2), Space Shuttle (ATMOS), and Satellite (HALOE) Measurements

Measurements of HC1 in the lower stratosphere (15-21 km) from aircraft, balloon, Space Shuttle, and satellite reveal a growth in its mean abundance relative to that of total inorganic chlorine (CIY)from HC1/CIY= 57(*5)% in early 1993 to 75(+7)% by the end of 1997. This large growthof31 (* 9)% in five years is -6 times greater than model predictions that include heterogeneous chemistry on the diminishing volcanic aerosol from Mt, Pinatubo. This result, seen in HC1 data sets of ALIAS (ER-2), MarkIV (balloon), FIRS-2 (balloon), ATMOS (Space Shuttle), and HALOE (UARS), is not understood.

[1]  Christopher R. Webster,et al.  Intercomparison of ATMOS, SAGE II, and ER‐2 Observations in Arctic Vortex and Extra‐Vortex Air Masses during Spring 1993 , 1999 .

[2]  Michael R. Gunson,et al.  Correlations of stratospheric abundances of CH4 and N2O derived from ATMOS measurements , 1998 .

[3]  J. Russell,et al.  Lower stratospheric chlorine partitioning during the decay of the Mt. Pinatubo aerosol cloud , 1997 .

[4]  D. Fahey,et al.  A comparison of measurements from ATMOS and instruments aboard the ER‐2 aircraft: Halogenated gases , 1996 .

[5]  K. Jucks,et al.  Validation of hydrogen fluoride measurements made by the Halogen Occultation Experiment from the UARS platform , 1996 .

[6]  D. Fahey,et al.  Estimates of total organic and inorganic chlorine in the lower stratosphere from in situ and flask measurements during AASE II , 1995 .

[7]  M. McCormick,et al.  Atmospheric effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption , 1995, Nature.

[8]  D. Toohey,et al.  The Response of ClO Radical Concentrations to Variations in NO2 Radical Concentrations in the Lower Stratosphere , 1994 .

[9]  S. W. Bowen,et al.  The distribution of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine radicals in the lower stratosphere: Implications for changes in O3 due to emission of NOy from supersonic aircraft , 1994 .

[10]  D. R. Hanson,et al.  Heterogeneous reactions in sulfuric acid aerosols: A framework for model calculations , 1994 .

[11]  D. Toohey,et al.  In situ measurements of CLO at mid‐latitudes: Is there an effect from Mt. Pinatubo? , 1993 .

[12]  M. Loewenstein,et al.  Airborne tunable diode laser spectrometer for trace-gas measurement in the lower stratosphere. , 1993, Applied optics.

[13]  D. Toohey,et al.  Chlorine Chemistry on Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particles in the Arctic Winter , 1993, Science.

[14]  Wesley A. Traub,et al.  Stratospheric spectroscopy with the far-infrared spectrometer: overview and recent results , 1991, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[15]  M. Proffitt,et al.  Fast‐response dual‐beam UV‐absorption ozone photometer suitable for use on stratospheric balloons , 1983 .