Emergence of Black-Market Bureaucracy: Administration, Development, and Corruption in the New States

ruption" he has a responsibility to try to explain his usage of this oftentimes vague and abused term. Unhappily this is likely to be one of the more difficult and less satisfying aspects of the present exercise. In a very real sense corruption, as beauty, is in the eyes of the beholder. Many of the new generation of academic colonialists now undertaking field work in the third world of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are troubled by the tendency of their predecessors-particularly the final generation of administrative colonialists-to scrutinize indigenous civil servants through the polarized glasses of the heaven-born Indian civil service officer and conclude that decay has set in and corruption is rampant. Erring to the other extreme, the modern social scientist may become more encapsulated in the indigenous culture than is the native administrative officer himself and thereby fail to see corruption even though it is one of the favorite subjects of coffee house conversations among both observers and participants. There is, of course, some truth apparent from each perspective. If one were to hypothe-