DRAWN VERSUS VERBAL FORMATS FOR MATHEMATICAL STORY PROBLEMS

The major focus of this study was the effect on performance of two problem formats: the usual words-and-numerals-only (verbal) format vs. a line-drawing-with-numerals-and-minimal-verbiage (drawn) format. Figure 1 gives an example of the two formats for the same problem. The literature suggests that certain trait variables, field independence-dependence and spatial visualization in particular, may be related to format differences. The exploration of these relationships formed the second focus of the study.

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