Simulation of the electron collection efficiency of a PMT based on the MCP coated with high secondary yield material

Abstract Owning to the serious loss of photoelectrons striking at the input electrode of traditional microchannel plate (MCP), photoelectron collection efficiency (CE) of photomultiplier tubes based on MCP (MCP-PMTs) fluctuates around the MCP open area fraction and cannot make a breakthrough. Depositing a thin film of high secondary electron yield material on the MCP is proposed as an effective approach to improve the CE. The available simulation and experimental data to validate it, however, is sparse. In our work, a three-dimensional small area MCP model is developed in CST Studio Suite to evaluate the collection efficiencies of PMTs based on the traditional MCP and the coated one, respectively. Results predict that CE of the PMT based on the coated MCP has a significant increase and a better uniformity, which is expected to reach 100%.

[1]  J. Lapington,et al.  Spatial charge cloud distribution of microchannel plates , 1989 .

[2]  G. Fraser.  The electron detection efficiency of microchannel plates , 1983 .

[3]  Edward A. Burke,et al.  Soft X-Ray Induced Electron Emission , 1977, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

[4]  E. Calvo,et al.  Characterization of large-area photomultipliers under low magnetic fields: Design and performance of the magnetic shielding for the Double Chooz neutrino experiment , 2009, 0905.3246.

[5]  G. W. Fraser,et al.  Calculation of the output charge cloud from a microchannel plate , 2001 .

[6]  Ming Wu,et al.  Monte Carlo simulations of microchannel plate detectors. I. Steady-state voltage bias results. , 2008, The Review of scientific instruments.

[7]  Jonathan S. Lapington,et al.  The effects of secondary electron emission on the operation of position sensitive anodes , 1997 .

[8]  G. Huang,et al.  Optimization of the electron collection efficiency of a large area MCP-PMT for the JUNO experiment , 2016 .

[9]  Ge Hill.  Secondary electron emission and surface compositional studies of channel plate glass surfaces , 1976 .

[10]  P. Musico,et al.  A new multianodic large area photomultiplier to be used in underwater neutrino detectors , 2009 .

[11]  Xibin Cao,et al.  A new design of large area MCP-PMT for the next generation neutrino experiment , 2012 .

[12]  J. Roloff,et al.  Cathode position response of large-area photomultipliers under a magnetic field , 2012 .

[13]  S. Wang,et al.  Light-weight Flexible Magnetic Shields For Large-Aperture Photomultiplier Tubes , 2014 .

[14]  G. C. Barbarino,et al.  Procedures and results of the measurements on large area photomultipliers for the NEMO project , 2010 .