Die sensorische Lateralität als Indikator für emotionale und kognitive Reaktionen auf Umweltreize beim Tier. The use of sensory laterality for indicating emotional and cognitive reactions on environmental stimuli in animals

Zusammenfassung Viele Tiere zeigen eine eindeutige sensorische Lateralitat, sprich sie benutzen bevorzugt ein Auge, ein Ohr, oder eine Nuster zur Aufnahme von Sinneseindrucken. Dies korreliert in den meisten Fallen nicht mit der motorischen Lateralitat, sondern wird viel mehr durch die einseitige Verarbeitung von Informationen in den jeweiligen Gehirnhemispharen bedingt. So werden emotionale Reaktionen von der rechten, reaktiven Gehirnhemisphare und rationale Reaktionen von der linken, kognitiven Gehirnhemisphare gesteuert. Da die Gehirnhalften zum Grosen Teil mit den kontrolateralen Sinnesorganen verbunden sind lasst die Seite mit welcher Sinneseindrucke aufgenommen werden Schlusse auf deren Informationsgehalt zu. So zeigen Tiere bei linksseitiger Aufnahme von Sinneseindrucken vermehrt reaktive, emotionalen Reaktionen, wie etwa bei Angst oder freudige Erregung, und bei rechtsseitig aufgenommene Sinneseindrucke eher rationales, gesteuertes Verhalten. Zudem verstarkt sich die sensorische Lateralitat wenn Tiere Stress erfahren, sprich wenn sie wiederholt mit Situationen anthropogenen oder naturlichen Ursprungs konfrontiert werden denen sie nicht gewachsen sind, wie etwa bei unpassenden Haltungs- und Trainingsbedingungen, oder bei unausweichlichem Raubtierdruck und sozialer Konkurrenz. Eine stark ausgepragte, zunehmende sensorische Lateralitat kann daher auf ein beeintrachtigtes Wohlergehen der Tiere hinweisen. Summary Many animals are lateralized when using sensory organs such as the eyes, ears or nostrils. Sensory laterality is not, as previously believed, caused by adjustment to motor laterality, but rather by one sided information processing in the particular brain hemispheres. While the right hemisphere predominantly analyses emotional information, the left hemisphere governs controlled rational, cognitive decisions. Since the brain hemispheres are largely connected with contralateral sensory organs, it is possible to infer how the information may be being interpreted by the side of preferred eye, ear or nostril used. The left eye usually dominates in emotional situations, i.e. fear or positive excitement, and the right eye in rational situations. Moreover, laterality increases when animals are stressed, e.g. when animals are confronted with anthropogenic or natural factors they can not handle, such as unsuitable housing or training conditions or unavoidable predation pressure and social competition. A strong or increasing laterality could therefore potentially indicate welfare issues.

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