Detecting nanoparticles in tissue using an optical iterative technique.

Determining the physical penetration depth of nanoparticles (NPs) into tissues is a challenge that many researchers have been facing in recent years. This paper presents a new noninvasive method for detecting NPs in tissue using an optical iterative technique based on the Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) algorithm. At the end of this algorithm the reduced scattering coefficient (µs'), of a given substance, can be estimated from the standard deviation (STD) of the retrieved phase of the remitted light. Presented in this paper are the results of a tissue simulation which indicate a linear ratio between the STD and the scattering components. A linear ratio was also observed in the tissue-like phantoms and in ex vivo experiments with and without NPs (Gold nanorods and nano Methylene Blue). The proposed technique is the first step towards determining the physical penetration depth of NPs.

[1]  Menachem Motiei,et al.  A new method for cancer detection based on diffusion reflection measurements of targeted gold nanorods , 2012, International journal of nanomedicine.

[2]  A. Welch,et al.  A review of the optical properties of biological tissues , 1990 .

[3]  John A. Parrish,et al.  Optical Properties of Human Skin , 1982 .

[4]  Ofer Levi,et al.  Rapid monitoring of cerebral ischemia dynamics using laser-based optical imaging of blood oxygenation and flow , 2012, Biomedical optics express.

[5]  S L Jacques,et al.  Optical properties of intralipid: A phantom medium for light propagation studies , 1992, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[6]  J. Pickering,et al.  Double-integrating-sphere system for measuring the optical properties of tissue. , 1993, Applied optics.

[7]  R. Gerchberg.  Super-resolution through Error Energy Reduction , 1974 .

[8]  R. Anderson,et al.  Determination of optical properties of turbid media using pulsed photothermal radiometry , 1992, Physics in medicine and biology.

[9]  J R Fienup,et al.  Phase retrieval algorithms: a comparison. , 1982, Applied optics.

[10]  E Gratton,et al.  Possible correlation between blood glucose concentration and the reduced scattering coefficient of tissues in the near infrared. , 1994, Optics letters.

[11]  B. Nikoobakht,et al.  種結晶を媒介とした成長法を用いた金ナノロッド(NR)の調製と成長メカニズム , 2003 .

[12]  Rachela Popovtzer,et al.  Dependence of light scattering profile in tissue on blood vessel diameter and distribution: a computer simulation study , 2013, Journal of biomedical optics.

[13]  Ofer Levi,et al.  Laser speckle contrast imaging with extended depth of field for in-vivo tissue imaging. , 2013, Biomedical optics express.

[14]  Hamootal Duadi,et al.  Linear dependency of full scattering profile isobaric point on tissue diameter , 2014, Journal of biomedical optics.

[15]  Hamootal Duadi,et al.  In‐vivo Tumor detection using diffusion reflection measurements of targeted gold nanorods – a quantitative study , 2012, Journal of biophotonics.

[16]  R Cubeddu,et al.  A solid tissue phantom for photon migration studies. , 1997, Physics in medicine and biology.

[17]  Zeev Zalevsky,et al.  Computation considerations and fast algorithms for calculating the diffraction integral , 1997 .

[18]  Hanli Liu,et al.  Determination of reduced scattering coefficient of biological tissue from a needle-like probe. , 2005, Optics express.

[19]  A. Welch,et al.  Definitions and Overview of Tissue Optics , 2010 .

[20]  J. S. Dam,et al.  Fiber-optic probe for noninvasive real-time determination of tissue optical properties at multiple wavelengths. , 2001, Applied optics.

[21]  Mostafa A. El-Sayed,et al.  Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods (NRs) Using Seed-Mediated Growth Method , 2003 .

[22]  B. Wilson,et al.  Measurement of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Tissue Optical Properties: Methods and Theories , 2010 .

[23]  Zeev Zalevsky,et al.  Optical through-turbulence imaging configuration: experimental validation. , 2010, Optics letters.

[24]  Zeev Zalevsky,et al.  In vivo tumor detection using polarization and wavelength reflection characteristics of gold nanorods. , 2013, Nano letters.

[25]  D. L. Misell.  Comment onA method for the solution of the phase problem in electron microscopy , 1973 .

[26]  S. Jacques.  Optical properties of biological tissues: a review , 2013, Physics in medicine and biology.

[27]  Dror Fixler,et al.  Subcutaneous gold nanoroad detection with diffusion reflection measurement , 2013, Journal of biomedical optics.

[28]  D Mendlovic,et al.  Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm applied in the fractional Fourier or the Fresnel domain. , 1996, Optics letters.

[29]  L Wang,et al.  MCML--Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues. , 1995, Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.

[30]  Ehud Rivlin,et al.  Qualitative real-time range extraction for preplanned scene partitioning using laser beam coding , 2005, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[31]  Zeev Zalevsky,et al.  Image deblurring through static or time-varying random perturbation medium , 2009, J. Electronic Imaging.

[32]  Menachem Motiei,et al.  Gold nanorods as absorption contrast agents for the noninvasive detection of arterial vascular disorders based on diffusion reflection measurements. , 2014, Nano letters.