Nonlinear analysis of the Costas loop and phase-locked loop with squarer

This work is devoted to the nonlinear analysis of the Costas loop and phase-locked loop with squarer. By using the special asymptotical methods for analysis of high-frequency harmonic and impulse oscillations, integro-differential and differential equations for the Costas loop and phase-locked loop with squarer are derived. The analytical methods for calculation of phase detector characteristics are suggested. For high-frequency clock oscillators new classes of such characteristics are described.

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