Linking employee attitudes and behaviors with business performance: A comparative analysis of hotels in Mexico and China

Organizations have been studied extensively through the lenses of employee attitudes and behaviors, yet links with organizational performance have not often been considered. This research uses established measures of commitment, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) to analyze data obtained from workers in a multinational hotel chain operating in Mexico and China. Mexico and China are selected due to their importance as emerging global markets. Quantitative analysis shows significantly different levels of commitment, job satisfaction and OCB in line with low and high performance in these national hotel groups. The research finds that commitment, job satisfaction and OCB are associated significantly with financial performance, but not with guest satisfaction.

[1]  D. Organ Organizational Citizenship Behavior: It's Construct Clean-Up Time , 1997 .

[2]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences , 2005 .

[3]  Birgit Benkhoff,et al.  Ignoring Commitment Is Costly: New Approaches Establish the Missing Link Between Commitment and Performance , 1997 .

[4]  G. Hofstede Cultural constraints in management theories , 1993 .

[5]  L. Cronbach Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests , 1951 .

[6]  Lyman W. Porter,et al.  The Effect of Performance on Job Satisfaction , 1967 .

[7]  T. S. Bateman,et al.  Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship Between Affect and Employee “Citizenship” , 1983 .

[8]  Mahn Hee Yoon,et al.  Organizational citizenship behaviors and service quality as: external effectiveness of contact employees , 2003 .

[9]  Benjamin Schneider,et al.  Correlates of organizational identification as a function of career pattern and organizational type. , 1972 .

[10]  J. P. Near,et al.  ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: ITS NATURE AND ANTECEDENTS , 1983 .

[11]  Geert Hofstede,et al.  Management scientists are human , 1994 .

[12]  Sameer Prasad,et al.  Relative treatment of workers in Mexico vs China: implications for location decisions , 2008 .

[13]  J. Mathieu,et al.  A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment , 1990 .

[14]  B. Menguc,et al.  The employee-organization relationship, organizational citizenship behaviors, and superior service quality , 2002 .

[15]  James L. Koch,et al.  Job attachment, satisfaction, and turnover among public sector employees , 1978 .

[16]  Nancy G. Dodd,et al.  RESEARCH NOTES ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A COMPARISON OF AMERICAN, JAPANESE, AND KOREAN EMPLOYEES , 1985 .

[17]  Geert Hofstede,et al.  National Cultures in Four Dimensions: A Research-Based Theory of Cultural Differences among Nations , 1983 .

[18]  Larry E. Penley,et al.  Etzioni's model of organizational involvement: A perspective for understanding commitment to organizations , 1988 .

[19]  G. Hofstede,et al.  Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind , 1991 .

[20]  D. Organ,et al.  A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW OF ATTITUDINAL AND DISPOSITIONAL PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR , 1995 .

[21]  Michael G. Harvey,et al.  The impact of emerging markets on staffing the global organization:: A knowledge-based view , 1999 .

[22]  T. Judge,et al.  Employee attitudes and job satisfaction , 2004 .

[23]  Paula C. Morrow,et al.  The theory and measurement of work commitment , 1993 .

[24]  Benjamin Schneider,et al.  Winning the service game , 1995 .

[25]  Robert R. Hirschfeld Does Revising the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form Make a Difference? , 2000 .

[26]  Elizabeth Wolfe Morrison,et al.  Role Definitions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Importance of the Employee's Perspective , 1994 .

[27]  L. Porter,et al.  The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. , 1979 .

[28]  Elizabeth Wolfe Morrison,et al.  Organizational citizenship behavior as a critical link between HRM practices and service quality , 1996 .

[29]  J. D. Sherman,et al.  Generalizability of an Organizational Commitment Model , 1981 .

[30]  M. Deery,et al.  Significant developments and emerging issues in human resource management , 2004 .

[31]  K. Weick The social psychology of organizing , 1969 .

[32]  Tom Coyle,et al.  Job satisfaction and technology in Mexico , 2004 .

[33]  A. Karrasch Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment , 2003 .

[34]  Carmen Barroso Castro,et al.  The influence of employee organizational citizenship behavior on customer loyalty , 2004 .

[35]  K. E. Clow,et al.  Increasing Job Satisfaction of Service Personnel , 1994 .

[36]  F. J. Roethlisberger,et al.  Management and the Worker , 1941 .

[37]  G. Hofstede Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad? , 1980 .

[38]  Daniel G. Bachrach,et al.  Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research , 2000 .

[39]  Richard M. Steers Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. , 1977, Administrative science quarterly.

[40]  G. Canavos,et al.  Investigating the relationship between employee satisfaction and guest satisfaction. , 2000 .

[41]  J. Cook,et al.  New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non‐fulfilment , 1980 .

[42]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  Evaluating service encounters: The effects of physical surroundings and employee responses. , 1990 .

[43]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Sales Unit Effectiveness , 1994 .

[44]  R. H. Moorman,et al.  Individualism‐collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior , 1995 .

[45]  Michael G. Harvey,et al.  Executive Insights: An Intercultural Communication Model for Use in Global Interorganizational Networks , 2001 .

[46]  Paul E. Spector Job satisfaction: application, assessment, cause, and consequences , 1997 .

[47]  D. Organ Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. , 1988 .

[48]  Richard M. Steers,et al.  Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. , 1974 .

[49]  Nancy G. Dodd,et al.  Organizational Commitment: A Comparison of American, Japanese, and Korean Employees , 1985 .

[50]  H. Becker Notes on the Concept of Commitment , 1960, American Journal of Sociology.

[51]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The balanced scorecard--measures that drive performance. , 2015, Harvard business review.

[52]  D. Weiss,et al.  Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. , 1967 .

[53]  Steffen Raub,et al.  Does bureaucracy kill individual initiative? The impact of structure on organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry , 2008 .

[54]  A. M. Francesco,et al.  Collectivism in Action , 2004 .

[55]  Gary W. Loveman,et al.  Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work , 1994 .

[56]  Amitai Etzioni,et al.  A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations. , 1962 .

[57]  John E. Mathieu,et al.  Further evidence for the discriminant validity of measures of organizational commitment, job involvement, and job satisfaction. , 1991 .

[58]  S. Frenkel,et al.  When Do Customer Contact Employees Satisfy Customers? , 2000 .

[59]  L. V. Dyne,et al.  Organizational Citizenship , 2003 .

[60]  J. Perry,et al.  An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness. , 1981 .

[61]  T. DeCotiis,et al.  A Path Analysis of a Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment , 1987 .

[62]  J. Kevin Barge,et al.  A Critical Evaluation of Organizational Commitment and Identification , 1988 .

[63]  James L. Koch,et al.  Impacts of Role Perceptions on Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Psychosomatic Illness among Three Vocational Groupings. , 1979 .

[64]  C. Barnard The Functions of the Executive , 1939 .

[65]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  The Service Encounter: Diagnosing Favorable and Unfavorable Incidents: , 1990 .

[66]  L. V. Dyne,et al.  Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Construct Redefinition, Measurement, and Validation , 1994 .