FAST 3D MUSCLE SIMULATIONS USING A NEW QUASISTATIC INVERTIBLE FINITE-ELEMENT ALGORITHM
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INTRODUCTION Computer models of the musculoskeletal system generally represent muscle geometry using a series of line segments [e.g., 2]. This simplification limits the ability of models to accurately represent the paths of muscles with complex geometry and assumes that moment arms are equivalent for all fibers within a muscle (or muscle compartment). Recently Blemker and Delp [1] demonstrated that three-dimensional (3D) finite-element models of muscle can improve representations of muscles with complex geometry, like the gluteus maximus, which has broad attachments and wraps around underlying structures.
[1] A. Terry Bahill,et al. Annals of Biomedical Engineering: Reviewers 1994 , 2006, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.