TRAFFIC CALMING: POLICY AND EVALUATIONS IN THREE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The report is based on information from published material and from study visits to Denmark, The Netherlands and West Germany in 1987 and 1988. It describes the purpose and practice of traffic calming in these countries, concentrating in particular on the policy context, finance, implementation and evaluation aspects. It concludes that traffic calming is widespread, popular and effective in reducing the harmful effects of road traffic on urban communities. Furthermore, the safety and environmental improvements associated with traffic calming are seen to be part of wider transport and urban planning policies, including the regeneration of run-down inner city areas, housing renewal and the conservation of historic centres. (Author/TRRL)