IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of women with pelvic adhesions

Background: pelvic adhesions are a significant cause of morbidity and are associated with infertility and pain. The three pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are involved in adhesion formation/reformation. Methods: the concentration of these three cytokines was examined in the peritoneal fluid of women undergoing laparoscopy, in order to examine the factors affecting their concentrations, with specific reference to the presence or absence of adhesions. Results: we found that the concentration of TNF-alpha in the peritoneal fluid was significantly correlated to the menstrual cycle day (P

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