System of Nudge Theory-Based ICT Applications for Older Citizens: The SENIOR Project

Objective: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is rapidly becoming one of the most common clinical manifestation affecting the elderly. The main aim of the SENIOR Project [SystEm of Nudge theory-based Information and Communications Technology (ICT) applications for OldeR citizens] is the development and validation of a new Nudge theory-based ICT coach system for monitoring and empowering persons with MCI. Methods: a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) involving 200 senior citizens with MCI will be implemented. Online assessment of demographic, psychological, neuropsychological, and behavioral outcomes will be carried out through the user’s device/smartwatch. A machine learning algorithm-based customized profile will elaborate specific nudge-based notifications and suggestions will be provided to the user via SENIOR app. Expected results and conclusions: real-time monitoring and tutoring will decelerate the worsening of clinical condition and will improve the general perceived wellbeing of persons with MCI – also empowering care providers through dissemination of knowledge on the condition functioning and therapy. Moreover, the provision of tailored care actions will contribute to a more sustainable national and local healthcare systems.

[1]  S. Folstein,et al.  "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. , 1975, Journal of psychiatric research.

[2]  S Baratta,et al.  Inter-rater reliability of the Italian version of the Paykel Scale of stressful life events. , 1985, Journal of affective disorders.

[3]  James F. Malec,et al.  Mayo's older americans normative studies: WMS-R norms for ages 56 to 94 , 1992 .

[4]  L Demers,et al.  Development of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST). , 1996, Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA.

[5]  R. Kolotkin,et al.  Construct validity of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire. , 1997, Obesity research.

[6]  G. Apolone,et al.  The Italian SF-36 Health Survey: translation, validation and norming. , 1998, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[7]  Robert K. Heaton,et al.  Norms for Letter and Category Fluency: Demographic Corrections for Age, Education, and Ethnicity , 1999, Assessment.

[8]  D P Salmon,et al.  A normative study of Nelson's (1976) modified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in healthy older adults. , 1999, The Clinical neuropsychologist.

[9]  E. Tangalos,et al.  Mild Cognitive Impairment Clinical Characterization and Outcome , 1999 .

[10]  R. Heaton,et al.  Demographically Corrected Norms for the California Verbal Learning Test , 2000, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[11]  J. Barth,et al.  The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. , 2000 .

[12]  D. Delis,et al.  California Verbal Learning Test--Second Edition , 2016 .

[13]  H Littlejohn.  Promoting wellbeing in older people with cognitive impairment. , 2001, Nursing older people.

[14]  H. Kraemer,et al.  Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. , 2002, Archives of general psychiatry.

[15]  M. First,et al.  Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research version (SCID-I RV) , 2002 .

[16]  A. Chang,et al.  Development of the Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction with telemedicine: a preliminary study , 2003, Journal of telemedicine and telecare.

[17]  Larry D Gruppen,et al.  The Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form (DES-SF). , 2003, Diabetes care.

[18]  N. Sartorius,et al.  The World Health Organization Short Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO DAS-S): a tool for the assessment of difficulties in selected areas of functioning of patients with mental disorders , 1996, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.

[19]  R. Dean,et al.  TEST REVIEW: Dean C. Delis, Edith Kaplan & Joel H. Kramer, Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX, 2001. $415.00 (complete kit) , 2006 .

[20]  Maria Pia Fantini,et al.  Assessing the construct validity of the Italian version of the EQ-5D: preliminary results from a cross-sectional study in North Italy , 2006, Health and quality of life outcomes.

[21]  Marta Ghisi,et al.  The Italian Versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory-II: Psychometric Properties and Discriminant Power. , 2007 .

[22]  R. Thaler,et al.  Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness , 2008 .

[23]  G. Lo Coco,et al.  The Outcome Questionnaire 45.2. Italian validation of an instrument for the assessment of phychological treatments , 2008, Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale.

[24]  G. Lo Coco,et al.  The factorial structure of the Outcome Questionnaire-45: a study with an Italian sample. , 2008, Clinical psychology & psychotherapy.

[25]  D. Delis,et al.  Quantification of five neuropsychological approaches to defining mild cognitive impairment. , 2009, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[26]  Carla L Graf,et al.  The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. , 2008, Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses.

[27]  Grace Yao,et al.  Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0): the development of the Taiwanese version , 2010, Clinical rehabilitation.

[28]  B. Gardner,et al.  A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviours , 2011, Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

[29]  Paolo Maria Rossini,et al.  Validity of the Italian Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) , 2013, Neurological Sciences.

[30]  Kryštof Slabý,et al.  Validation of physical activity monitors in individuals with diabetes: energy expenditure estimation by the multisensor SenseWear Armband Pro3 and the step counter Omron HJ-720 against indirect calorimetry during walking. , 2013, Diabetes technology & therapeutics.

[31]  R. Bevilacqua,et al.  Advanced technology care innovation for older people in Italy: necessity and opportunity to promote health and wellbeing. , 2014, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.

[32]  Marsha Dowda,et al.  A validation study concerning the effects of interview content, retention interval, and grade on children's recall accuracy for dietary intake and/or physical activity. , 2014, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

[33]  B. Munster,et al.  Validation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index in Acutely Hospitalized Elderly Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study , 2014, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[34]  G. Tremont,et al.  Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Dementia Rating Scale-2 , 2014, Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology.

[35]  Paul W. Franks,et al.  Validity of Electronically Administered Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ) in Ten European Countries , 2014, PloS one.

[36]  Andrea Bonanomi,et al.  Measuring patient engagement: development and psychometric properties of the Patient Health Engagement (PHE) Scale , 2015, Front. Psychol..

[37]  Chee Kyun Ng,et al.  Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people , 2015, Clinical interventions in aging.

[38]  Andrea Bonanomi,et al.  Measuring patient activation in Italy: Translation, adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the patient activation measure 13 (PAM13-I) , 2015, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.

[39]  Bonnie Spring,et al.  Smartphone applications to support weight loss: current perspectives , 2015, Advanced health care technologies.

[40]  Sofie Martien,et al.  Energy Expenditure in Institutionalized Older Adults: Validation of SenseWear Mini. , 2015, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[41]  J van Os,et al.  Use of the experience sampling method in the context of clinical trials , 2016, Evidence-Based Mental Health.

[42]  Steve Thomas,et al.  The efficacy of nudge theory strategies in influencing adult dietary behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2016, BMC Public Health.

[43]  Blaine Reeder,et al.  Health at hand: A systematic review of smart watch uses for health and wellness , 2016, J. Biomed. Informatics.

[44]  Hu Shuijing,et al.  The Elderly and the Big Data How Older Adults Deal with Digital Privacy , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS).

[45]  Andrea Galbiati,et al.  Validation study of the Italian version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) , 2016, Neurological Sciences.

[46]  Giovanni De Micheli,et al.  Paradigm-Shifting Players for IoT: Smart-Watches for Intensive Care Monitoring , 2016, MobiHealth.

[47]  Giuseppe Riva,et al.  Stages of change in obesity and weight management: factorial structure of the Italian version of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale , 2017, Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.

[48]  Prashanthi Vemuri,et al.  Association Between Mentally Stimulating Activities in Late Life and the Outcome of Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment, With an Analysis of the APOE &egr;4 Genotype , 2017, JAMA neurology.

[49]  Andrew Sixsmith,et al.  Informing Understandings of Mild Cognitive Impairment for Older Adults: Implications From a Scoping Review , 2017, Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society.

[50]  Mireia Fernández-Ardèvol,et al.  Older people and smartwatches, initial experiences , 2017 .

[51]  Maria Pia Fantini,et al.  Assessing self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes management: validation of the Italian version of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (IT-DMSES) , 2018, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.

[52]  Samuel D. Towne,et al.  Restricted Social Engagement among Adults Living with Chronic Conditions , 2018, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[53]  Maria Ehn,et al.  Activity Monitors as Support for Older Persons’ Physical Activity in Daily Life: Qualitative Study of the Users’ Experiences , 2018, JMIR mHealth and uHealth.

[54]  George Demiris,et al.  Smartphone Applications to Support Sleep Self-Management: Review and Evaluation. , 2018, Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

[55]  Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral,et al.  Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly Relationship between communication and functional capacity , 2018, Dementia & neuropsychologia.

[56]  Valeria Herskovic,et al.  Multidisciplinary collaboration in primary care: a systematic review , 2018, Family practice.