The active fault survey as a national project since the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake has been conducted for 13 years and, about 110 active faults have been surveyed. Unfortunately, several destructive earthquakes occured in this century, and none of them were caused by rupture of the surveyed 110 active faults. This indicates that there are many active faults that have not been surveyed and further survey is necessary, and also suggests that we need to consider evaluation of smaller active faults to decrease damages by earthquakes effectively. In this situaton, the Active Fault Research Center will be reformed at the beginning of the 2009 fiscal year. This report, Annual Report on Active Fault and Paleoearthquake Researches, is published by GSJ and aims to report the survey and research result of previous fiscal year in timely fashion yet wit details. Currently, 2000 copies are printed and distributed to related organizations or individuals. All the results supported by public funding will be published; we do not limit pages and use colors for all the figures. In addition, progress reports and preliminary results are encouraged. To maintain the paper quality, editorial board consists of AFRC team leaders arrenged internal peer review for all the reports.