Graft chimeras and somatic hybrids for new cultivars

Abstract Three techniques were evaluated as methods for plant improvement: protoplast fusion in vitro for somatic hybrids, protoplast co-culture in vitro for chimeras, and graft manipulation in planta for periclinal chimeras. Methods were developed initially for herbaceous, solanaceous species and then evaluated on two species of woody Actinidia. Protoplasts from tomato (2n = 24) and Bu (a Solanum hybrid obtained by fusing nightshade and dihaploid potato protoplasts, 2n = 96) were fused at laboratories located at Kiel, Germany, and Levin, New Zealand. Identical methods were used at each laboratory, and plants were regenerated from the hybrid callus. At Kiel, only 1.6% of the regenerants were symmetric fusions that contained 120 chromo somes. One chimeric plant remained genomically stable during 3 years of in vitro growth and a further year in the glasshouse. At Levin, 83% of regenerants were asymmetric fusions with additional nightshade or Bii genomes. Some regenerants, however, contained a single nightsh...

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