Compression and Transport of CO2

Following capture and separation of CO2 from a gas mixture, the CO2 must be compressed for transport, regardless of whether it is destined for storage in underground geologic reservoirs or used as a feedstock in chemical processing, aggregate formation, or EOR. There are various modes of transport such as rail, ship, truck, and pipeline. On average, a single 500-MW coal-fired power plant would need to transport on the order of 2–3 Mt per year of compressed CO2, which makes pipeline transport a feasible option due to the potential large-scale application (Energy Conv Manag 45(15–16):2343–2353, 2004). For instance, the installed capacity in the U.S. is approximately 315 gigawatts (GW) (EIA Existing Electric Generating Units by Energy Source; Energy Information Administration (EIA), Department of Energy (DOE): Washington, D.C., 2008), China’s installed capacity of coal-fired power is approximately 600 GW and India’s approximately 100 GW. The installed capacity in China and India will undoubtedly grow since as of 2009 these regions had populations of 186 million (China and East Asia) and 612 million (South Asia) without electricity (World Energy Outlook. Accessed August 13, 2011). China, U.S., and India are the top three coal producers, with production of 2716, 993, and 484 million tons produced in 2008, respectively (World Energy Outlook. Accessed August 13, 2011). With this heavy reliance on coal for advancing electrification in these regions, there will be an inevitable increase in CO2 emissions. Mitigation of CO2 via carbon capture will require CO2 transport. This chapter focuses on the compression and transport of CO2 after capture.

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