A novel class of aminoisonucleoside was synthesized and incorporated into a luciferase gene-targeting siRNA. Structural and functional analyses of such a kind of siRNAs indicated that sense strand modifications with aminoisonucleoside at the 3' or 5' terminal, such as ssIso-1 and ssIso-2, have less effect on RNA duplex thermal and serum stabilities, and their functional activities are also comparable to their native siRNAs. In contrast, antisense strand modifications with aminoisonucleoside at the corresponding positions, such as asIso-2 or asIso-1, bring a striking negative effect on RNA duplex stability but still maintain around 40-50% of gene knockdown.