Are Walkable Neighborhoods More Resilient to the Foreclosure Spillover Effects?

Since 2007, many studies have explored the price spillover effect of foreclosures. However, none has examined the potential moderating effects of built-environment characteristics such as walkability. By using the interaction term between neighborhood foreclosure and walkability, this study found that property values in walkable neighborhoods were less subject to foreclosure spillover, but this was only significant for middle/high-income neighborhoods. Walkable neighborhoods were shown to offer more advantages in maintaining neighborhood stability during the recovery of 2013 than in the market crash of 2010. This study supports development strategies and policies that include walkability to achieve neighborhood stability and livability.

[1]  J. Jacobs The Death and Life of Great American Cities , 1962 .

[2]  Peter Rossini,et al.  Measuring the impact of higher density housing development , 2012 .

[3]  H. Kelejian,et al.  Specification and Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Models with Autoregressive and Heteroskedastic Disturbances , 2008, Journal of econometrics.

[4]  Tammy Leonard,et al.  The neighborhood effects of foreclosure , 2009, J. Geogr. Syst..

[5]  Amanda L. Wilson,et al.  Co-benefits of designing communities for active living: an exploration of literature , 2015, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.

[6]  Terrence M. Clauretie,et al.  Toxic Neighbors: Foreclosures and Short‐Sales Spillover Effects from the Current Housing‐Market Crash , 2012 .

[7]  Vicki Been,et al.  Neighborhood Effects of Concentrated Mortgage Foreclosures , 2008 .

[8]  A. Moudon,et al.  Physical Activity and Environment Research in the Health Field: Implications for Urban and Transportation Planning Practice and Research , 2004 .

[9]  G. Pivo The Effect of Sustainability Features on Mortgage Default Prediction and Risk in Multifamily Rental Housing , 2013 .

[10]  Richard Rosenfeld,et al.  THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON ROBBERY AND PROPERTY CRIME: THE ROLE OF CONSUMER SENTIMENT* , 2008 .

[11]  John P. Harding,et al.  The Contagion Effect of Foreclosed Properties , 2008 .

[12]  Jan Rouwendal,et al.  The Impact of Mixed Land Use on Residential Property Values , 2012 .

[13]  Stephen Gibbons,et al.  The Costs of Urban Property Crime , 2004 .

[14]  J. Sallis,et al.  The development of a walkability index: application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study , 2009, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[15]  James Dunbar,et al.  Waste the waist: a pilot randomised controlled trial of a primary care based intervention to support lifestyle change in people with high cardiovascular risk , 2015, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.

[16]  Nasser Daneshvary,et al.  Short-Term Own-Price and Spillover Effects of Distressed Residential Properties: The Case of a Housing Crash , 2011 .

[17]  Joseph Ferreira,et al.  Residential Property Values and the Built Environment , 2010 .

[18]  Chanam Lee,et al.  Assessing Benefits of Neighborhood Walkability to Single-Family Property Values , 2015 .

[19]  A. Cheadle,et al.  Operational Definitions of Walkable Neighborhood: Theoretical and Empirical Insights. , 2006, Journal of physical activity & health.

[20]  D. Scheller,et al.  Does Walkability Influence Housing Prices , 2014 .

[21]  Edith Callaghan,et al.  Building sustainable & resilient communities: a balancing of community capital , 2008 .

[22]  J. Figueira-Mcdonough : Disorder and Decline: Crime and the Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhoods , 1992 .

[23]  S. Rosen Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition , 1974, Journal of Political Economy.

[24]  Takemi Sugiyama,et al.  Destination and route attributes associated with adults' walking: a review. , 2012, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[25]  Thomas J. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Deconstructing distressed-property spillovers: The effects of vacant, tax-delinquent, and foreclosed properties in housing submarkets , 2013 .

[26]  Rachel Meltzer,et al.  Do Homeowners Associations Mitigate or Aggravate Negative Spillovers from Neighboring Homeowner Distress? , 2013 .

[27]  Dan Immergluck,et al.  The Foreclosure Crisis, Foreclosed Properties, and Federal Policy: Some Implications for Housing and Community Development Planning , 2009 .

[28]  K. Gardner,et al.  Examining Walkability and Social Capital as Indicators of Quality of Life at the Municipal and Neighborhood Scales , 2011 .

[29]  S. Malpezzi,et al.  Hedonic Pricing Models: A Selective and Applied Review , 2008 .

[30]  K. Leyden Social capital and the built environment: the importance of walkable neighborhoods. , 2003, American journal of public health.

[31]  Vincent W. Yao,et al.  Spillover Effects of Foreclosures on Neighborhood Property Values , 2009 .

[32]  David P. Racca,et al.  Project Report for Property Value/Desirability Effects of Bike Paths Adjacent to Residential Areas , 2006 .

[33]  W. Riggs,et al.  Does walkability matter? An examination of walkability’s impact on housing values, foreclosures and crime , 2015 .

[34]  S. Gortmaker,et al.  Validation of Walk Score® for Estimating Neighborhood Walkability: An Analysis of Four US Metropolitan Areas , 2011, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[35]  Vincent W. Yao,et al.  Foreclosure externalities: New evidence , 2015 .

[36]  Daniel Hartley,et al.  The Effect of Foreclosures on Nearby Housing Prices: Supply or Disamenity? , 2014 .

[37]  Tom Mayock,et al.  The Impact of REO Sales on Neighborhoods and Their Residents , 2016 .

[38]  Chanam Lee,et al.  From Car-Dependent Neighborhoods to Walkers’ Paradise , 2014 .

[39]  Richard J. Jackson,et al.  Making healthy places : designing and building for health, well-being, and sustainability , 2011 .

[40]  Location Efficiency and Mortgage Default , 2011 .

[41]  James Durbin,et al.  Errors in variables , 1954 .

[42]  Xuemei Zhu,et al.  Walkability and safety around elementary schools economic and ethnic disparities. , 2008, American journal of preventive medicine.

[43]  Lucas J Carr,et al.  Walk score™ as a global estimate of neighborhood walkability. , 2010, American journal of preventive medicine.

[44]  Luc Anselin,et al.  Errors in variables and spatial effects in hedonic house price models of ambient air quality , 2008 .

[45]  A. El-geneidy,et al.  Validating walkability indices: How do different households respond to the walkability of their neighborhood? , 2011 .

[46]  M. Kuby,et al.  Combined impacts of highways and light rail transit on residential property values: a spatial hedonic price model for Phoenix, Arizona , 2014 .

[47]  Alan Freiden,et al.  The United States Marriage Market , 1974, Journal of Political Economy.

[48]  Lawrence D. Frank,et al.  Income disparities in perceived neighborhood built and social environment attributes. , 2011, Health & place.

[49]  L. Anselin,et al.  Modern Spatial Econometrics in Practice: A Guide to GeoDa, GeoDaSpace and PySAL , 2014 .

[50]  B. Saelens,et al.  Built environment correlates of walking: a review. , 2008, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[51]  George E. Tita,et al.  Crime and Residential Choice: A Neighborhood Level Analysis of the Impact of Crime on Housing Prices , 2006 .

[52]  Howard Frumkin,et al.  Making Healthy Places , 2011 .

[53]  William H. Rogers,et al.  The Impact of Foreclosures on Neighboring Housing Sales , 2009 .

[54]  John Matthews,et al.  Neighborhood Street Layout and Property Value: The Interaction of Accessibility and Land Use Mix , 2007 .

[55]  Dan Immergluck,et al.  The external costs of foreclosure: The impact of single‐family mortgage foreclosures on property values , 2006 .

[56]  Reid Ewing,et al.  Travel and the Built Environment , 2010 .

[57]  G. Pivo Walk Score: The Significance of 8 and 80 for Mortgage Default Risk in Multifamily Properties , 2014 .