The Impact of Microarray Technology in Brain Cancer

Abstract The analysis of global gene expression patterns (expression profiling) produced from the microarray technology (cDNAs and tissue microarrays), has made important contributions to our understanding of the regulation of biological systems and gene function. Recently, it is becoming increasingly significant for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of brain cancer. Conventional methods used for brain tumour diagnosis utilize modalities (CT, MRI, PET, EEG, Biopsy and Lumbar Puncture) that provide medical information. The genomic analysis used to supplement such medical information is expected to provide appropriate tools for early diagnosis and effective therapy of cancer. Microarray-based clustering and classification methods have been used to reclassify the brain tumours already known by the World Health Organization (WHO) and/or discover new sub-types. Unsupervised and supervised classification methods that have been tested on different brain tumour types using gene expression data as input, have shown promising efficiency. This fact offers great potential to the clinicians that are now able to develop new methods of treatment based on gene therapy instead of applying the traditional ones (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy etc.). This chapter attempts to reveal the important role of genomics in brain cancer. Several genomic-based methods for brain cancer analysis are reviewed and compared to traditional ones with an emphasis to DNA microarray technology that was recently introduced. Finally, feature genomic-based developments that will assist the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of brain cancer are presented.

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