Influence of zeolite, apatite and Fe-oxide on Cd and Pb uptake by crops.

Natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), hydroxyapatite and an iron-oxide waste by-product (Fe-rich, a trademark name of E.I. du Pont de Nemours) were added to an artificially contaminated Appling soil to immobilize and limit the uptake of metals by crops. A greenhouse pot study employed spiking the soil with Cd and Pb from metal flue dust. Maize (Zea mays) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were planted in 7-kg potted soil to determine the effects of Cd and Pb on plant growth and uptake. Sequential extraction of soil indicates the substantial influence of soil pH and type of ameliorant on the chemical form and bioavailability of the metals. Data indicates that a dose of 50 g/kg of soil of iron-oxide appears to be very effective, based on the yields, metal contents of plant tissues and available forms of Cd and Pb in the soil. Lower doses of zeolite and apatite (15 g/kg and 4 g/kg soil, respectively) in most cases also reduced significantly the uptake of Cd and Pb by crops.

[1]  N. Lepp,et al.  Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants , 1981 .

[2]  T. Asami.  Pollution of Soils by Cadmium , 1984 .

[3]  Donald W Breck,et al.  Zeolite Molecular Sieves: Structure, Chemistry, and Use , 1974 .

[4]  Anna Chlopecka,et al.  Assessment of form of Cd, Zn and Pb in contaminated calcareous and gleyed soils in Southwest Poland , 1996 .

[5]  M. Hughes,et al.  Aerial Heavy Metal Pollution and Terrestrial Ecosystems , 1980 .

[6]  J. Nriagu.  Changing Metal Cycles and Human Health , 1984 .

[7]  G. A. Fleming.  Trace Elements in Plants with Particular Reference to Pasture Species , 1965 .

[8]  J. A. Ryan,et al.  In situ lead immobilization by apatite , 1993 .

[9]  L. Sommers.  Chemical Composition of Sewage Sludges and Analysis of Their Potential Use as Fertilizers , 1977 .

[10]  B. E. Davies,et al.  Heavy metals in soils and radish in a mineralised limestone area of Wales, Great Britain , 1975 .

[11]  T. Hutchinson,et al.  Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic in the Environment , 1987 .

[12]  D. Leppert.  HEAVY METAL ADSORPTION WITH CLINOPTILOLITE ZEOLITE: ALTERNATIVES FOR TREATING CONTAMINATED SOIL AND WATER , 1990 .

[13]  A. P. Schwab,et al.  Bioavailability of zinc, cadmium, and lead in a metal-contaminated alluvial soil , 1993 .

[14]  B. E. Davies,et al.  The distribution of heavy metal contaminated soils in Northeast Clwyd, Wales , 1978, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution.

[15]  A. Tessier,et al.  Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals , 1979 .

[16]  S. Dudka,et al.  Trace metal contamination of soils and crop plants by the mining and smelting industry in Upper Silesia, South Poland , 1995 .

[17]  Monika Löffler,et al.  A mimicked in-situ remediation study of metal-contaminated soils with emphasis on cadmium and lead , 1994 .

[18]  B. Gworek.  Inactivation of cadmium in contaminated soils using synthetic zeolites. , 1992, Environmental pollution.

[19]  M. Wilson,et al.  Forms of cadmium, lead, and zinc in contaminated soils from Southwest Poland , 1996 .

[20]  Kenzaburo Tsuchiya,et al.  Cadmium studies in Japan : a review , 1978 .

[21]  D. Adriano,et al.  Mimicked in-situ stabilization of metals in a cropped soil : Bioavailability and chemical form of zinc , 1996 .

[22]  I. Thornton.  Geochemical Aspects of the Distribution and Forms of Heavy Metals in Soils , 1981 .

[23]  L. Ramos,et al.  Sequential Fractionation of Copper, Lead, Cadmium and Zinc in Soils from or near Doñana National Park , 1994 .

[24]  B. J. Alloway,et al.  The accumulation of cadmium by vegetables grown on soils contaminated from a variety of sources. , 1990, The Science of the total environment.

[25]  M. Berrow,et al.  Trace elements in sewage sludges. , 1972, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[26]  D. Adriano.  Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment , 1986 .