Evaluating the effect of utilizing ultrasound and citric acid on the feasibility of producing biodegradable film based on lemon juicing waste

ARTICLE INFO The lemon juicing waste encompasses valuable bio-components that stimulated the development of novel and biodegradable films. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of producing biodegradable films from lemon waste powder (LWP) (1, 3, and 5%) and subsequently evaluate the effect of ultrasonic and citric acid solution on mechanical and physical properties (thickness, solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), color changes, and transparency) of LWP-based film samples. According to the results, elevating the LWP concentration from 1 to 5% had led to an increase in the tensile strength, thickness and color changes remarkably and decreases the solubility, water vapor permeability, and transparency of the film samples. However, utilizing 5% LWP had resulted in a reduction of elongation at the break value of the film samples compared to the prepared films from 3% LWP. The results also revealed a significant effect of utilizing ultrasonic and citric acid in improving the mechanical and physical properties of the film samples. Therefore, utilizing ultrasound and citric in the production of biodegradable LWP-based films improve the functional characteristics of films. In conclusion, the sample prepared from 3% LWP and treated by ultrasound and prepared with 1% citric acid was selected as an optimum film sample with a desirable physical, mechanical and properties.

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