Hybrid amplifiers for AC power source applications

AC test sources are essential equipments for testing electric systems which are connected to ac mains. These ac test sources are required to have low output impedance, clean output voltage and highly dynamic behavior. Pres‐ ently LPAs are mainly employed in ac test sources because of their high fi‐ delity and excellent dynamic behaviour. However, these LPAs have very high losses in their output stages, which make the systems bulky and expen‐ sive. Therefore, there are growing research interests in realizing high effi‐ ciency and high bandwidth ac test sources by combining linear power am‐ plifiers and switch‐mode converters, which results in the reduction of the system losses while keeping the high dynamic performance of the LPAs. The main objective of this work is to develop novel highly dynamic hybrid power amplifiers with high efficiency for ac power source applications. Firstly in Chapter 1, a short description of the motivation for this work is given. Then a number of hybrid power amplifiers presented in the recent literature are collected and categorised to three types according to their configurations. Chapter 2 presents the first hybrid power amplifier Type I , which employs a 3‐level buck‐boost converter with adjustable output voltages for generat‐ ing the supply voltages of a linear power amplifier. The idea is to reduce the voltage drop across the LPA power transistors. The losses calculation, sys‐

[1]  B. W. Williams,et al.  Power Electronics: Devices, Drivers, Applications and Passive Components , 1992 .

[2]  Dushan Boroyevich,et al.  A fast space vector modulation algorithm for multilevel three-phase converters , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[3]  T. Jahns,et al.  Flexible dv/dt and di/dt control method for insulated gate power switches , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[4]  G.A. Rincon-Mora,et al.  A high-efficiency linear RF power amplifier with a power-tracking dynamically adaptive buck-boost supply , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[5]  S. Pontarollo,et al.  A new gate driver integrated circuit for IGBT devices with advanced protections , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[6]  L.E. Larson,et al.  Design of wide-bandwidth envelope-tracking power amplifiers for OFDM applications , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[7]  Peter M. Asbeck,et al.  High-efficiency power amplifier using dynamic power-supply voltage for CDMA applications , 1999 .

[8]  J. Kolar,et al.  High-frequency isolated DC/DC converter for input voltage conditioning of a linear power amplifier , 2003, IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03..

[9]  J.W. Kolar,et al.  Design, Control and Performance of Tracking Power Supply for a Linear Power Amplifier , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[10]  Hideaki Fujita.  A High-Efficiency Diode-Clamped Linear Amplifier , 2007 .

[11]  S. Fukuda,et al.  A Hybrid Multilevel Converter System with Extended Adjustable Output Voltage Range , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[12]  J.W. Kolar,et al.  Differential mode EMC input filter design for three-phase AC-DC-AC sparse matrix PWM converters , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[13]  Ivo Barbi,et al.  The three-level ZVS-PWM DC-to-DC converter , 1993 .

[14]  J.A. Pomilio,et al.  Analysis and Proposal of Capacitor Voltage Control for an Asymmetric Cascaded Inverter , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[15]  U. Drofenik,et al.  12-pulse rectifier for more electric aircraft applications , 2003, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2003.

[16]  Seigoh Kashiwagi.  A High-Efficiency Audio Power Amplifier Using a Self-Oscillating Switching Regulator , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[17]  Geoffrey R. Walker.  A class B switch-mode assisted linear amplifier , 2003 .

[18]  Jack R. East,et al.  High-efficiency class-A power amplifiers with a dual-bias-control scheme , 1999 .

[19]  John D'Azzo,et al.  Linear Control System Analysis and Design: Conventional and Modern , 1977 .

[20]  U. Drofenik,et al.  A General Scheme for Calculating Switching- and Conduction-Losses of Power Semiconductors in Numerical Circuit Simulations of Power Electronic Systems; International Power Electronics Conference; ; IPEC-Niigata 2005 , 2005 .

[21]  G. Sciutto,et al.  A new multilevel PWM method: a theoretical analysis , 1990, 21st Annual IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Specialists.

[22]  J.W. Kolar,et al.  A multi-cell cascaded power amplifier , 2006, Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06..

[23]  R. M. Bass,et al.  Analysis of the class AD audio amplifier including hysteresis effects , 2003 .

[24]  Gene F. Franklin,et al.  Digital control of dynamic systems , 1980 .

[25]  Ben Duncan.  High Performance Audio Power Amplifiers for music performance and reproduction , 1996 .

[26]  P.R. Palmer,et al.  Design of the active voltage controller for series IGBTs , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[27]  K. Gopakumar,et al.  A five-level inverter scheme with common-mode voltage elimination by cascading conventional two-level and three-level NPC inverters for an induction motor drive , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[28]  Christian Gerster,et al.  Gate-Controlled dv/dt- and di/dt-Limitation in High Power IGBT Converters , 1996 .

[29]  R. A. R. van der Zee,et al.  A power-efficient audio amplifier combining switching and linear techniques , 1998, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[30]  U. Drofenik,et al.  Comparative evaluation of three-phase high power factor AC-DC converter concepts for application in future more electric aircrafts , 2004, Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC '04..

[31]  George B. Yundt.  Series- or Parallel-Connected Composite Amplifiers , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  Patrick R. Palmer,et al.  High performance gate drives for utilizing the IGBT in the active region , 1996, PESC Record. 27th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[33]  Nadir Idir,et al.  Active gate voltage control of turn-on di/dt and turn-off dv/dt in insulated gate transistors , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[34]  Dragan Maksimovic,et al.  A Switched Mode Envelope Tracker for Polar EDGE Transmitter , 2006 .

[35]  J.W. Kolar,et al.  Novel hybrid 12-pulse line interphase transformer boost-type rectifier with controlled output voltage , 2004, The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2004. IPEMC 2004..

[36]  M.A.E. Andersen,et al.  A Comparative Study of Analog Voltage-mode Control Methods for Ultra-Fast Tracking Power Supplies , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[37]  Douglas Self.  Audio power amplifier design handbook , 1996 .

[38]  R. Steigerwald,et al.  A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies , 1987, 1987 IEEE Applied Power Electronics conference and Exposition.

[39]  M.A.E. Andersen,et al.  Envelope tracking power supply with fully controlled 4th order output filter , 2006, Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06..

[40]  Y. Lai,et al.  Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter , 2002 .

[41]  W. McFarland,et al.  An IC for linearizing RF power amplifiers using envelope elimination and restoration , 1998, 1998 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers, ISSCC. First Edition (Cat. No.98CH36156).

[42]  J. N. Park,et al.  Quasi-linear IGBT inverter topologies , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - ASPEC'94.

[43]  Thierry Meynard,et al.  Multi-Level Choppers for High Voltage Applications , 1992 .

[44]  Pekik Argo Dahono.  A method to damp oscillations on the input LC filter of current-type AC-DC PWM converters by using a virtual resistor , 2003, The 25th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2003. INTELEC '03..

[45]  Seth R. Sanders,et al.  Optimum Bias Calculation for Parallel Hybrid Switching-Linear Regulators , 2007, APEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[46]  Keith H. Billings,et al.  Switchmode power supply handbook , 1999 .

[47]  L.M. Tolbert,et al.  Novel multilevel inverter carrier-based PWM methods , 1998, Conference Record of 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36242).

[48]  Robert W. Erickson,et al.  Fundamentals of Power Electronics , 2001 .

[49]  Samir Kouro,et al.  A Reduced Switching Frequency Modulation Algorithm for High Power Multilevel Inverters , 2005 .