The Ethnic Entrepreneurial Transition: Recent Trends in British Indian Self-Employment

The Indian community in the UK is exemplifying an ‘ethnic entrepreneurial transition’. Impressive educational credentials, an increasing presence in the professions and diversification into new and emerging sectors are gradually changing the profile of Indian entrepreneurship. This paper reports on the growing convergence of Indian self-employment with white-owned businesses, a trend first noted in 2003. We examine the factors behind this growing harmonisation and identify grounds for qualified optimism. A number of policy implications are also identified, particularly in respect to the quantitative preoccupation of government measures to promote self-employment.

[1]  A. Basu An Exploration of Entrepreneurial Activity among Asian Small Businesses in Britain , 1998 .

[2]  Monder Ram,et al.  ETHNIC MANAGERIALISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS: , 2006 .

[3]  V. Nee,et al.  Understanding the diversity of immigrant incorporation: a forms-of-capital model , 2001 .

[4]  Romain Garbaye British Cities and Ethnic Minorities in the Post-war Era: From Xenophobic Agitation to Multi-Ethnic Government , 2003 .

[5]  S. Virdee ‘Race’, employment and social change: A critique of current orthodoxies , 2006 .

[6]  Monder Ram,et al.  Staying Underground: Informal Work, Small Firms, and Employment Regulation in the United Kingdom , 2007 .

[7]  T. Modood Church, State and Religious Minorities , 1997 .

[8]  Monder Ram,et al.  Ethnic minority business in comparative perspective: The case of the independent restaurant sector , 2000 .

[9]  Monder Ram,et al.  `Apprentice Entrepreneurs'? Ethnic Minority Workers in the Independent Restaurant Sector , 2001 .

[10]  O. Jones Understanding the small business sector , 2007 .

[11]  T. Jones,et al.  Market Potential as a Decisive Influence on the Performance of Ethnic Minority Business , 2000 .

[12]  S. Janjuha-Jivraj The Sustainability of Social Capital within Ethnic Networks , 2003 .

[13]  N. Bonney Black capitalism and the development of the ghetto in the USA , 1974 .

[14]  Monder Ram,et al.  South Asian businesses in retreat? The case of the UK , 2003 .

[15]  H. Metcalf,et al.  Asian Self Employment: the interaction fo culture and economics in England , 1996 .

[16]  E. Bonacich,et al.  The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity , 2023 .

[17]  Monder Ram,et al.  Re-embedding the ethnic business agenda , 2007 .

[18]  Ignatius U. Ekanem,et al.  The case of Asians in London’s creative industries , 2005 .

[19]  From rags to riches: Manchester Pakistanis in the textile trade , 1980 .

[20]  E. Bonacich,et al.  The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American Community , 1982 .

[21]  Ignatius U. Ekanem,et al.  Diversification in ethnic minority business , 2005 .

[22]  R. Kloosterman,et al.  Mixed Embeddedness: (In)formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands , 1999 .

[23]  Kenneth Clark,et al.  Pushed out or pulled in? Self-employment among ethnic minorities in England and Wales , 2000 .

[24]  C. McEwan,et al.  The ‘Global’ in the City Economy: Multicultural Economic Development in Birmingham , 2005 .

[25]  Andrew Paddison,et al.  Developing success strategies for ethnic minorities in business: Evidence from Scotland , 1997 .

[26]  D. Deakins,et al.  Success factors for ethnic minorities in business , 1997 .

[27]  Léo-Paul Dana Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship , 2007 .

[28]  Monder Ram,et al.  Banking on 'break-out': Finance and the development of ethnic minority businesses , 2003 .

[29]  C. Galbraith,et al.  Ethnic Economies, Social Capital and the Economic Theory of Clubs , 2007 .

[30]  Léo-Paul Dana,et al.  CHANGING CULTURES: AN INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS , 2008 .

[31]  D. McEvoy,et al.  Small business initiative Ethnic minority business component , 1985 .

[32]  S. Mascarenhas-Keyes British Indian and Chinese student, graduate and academic international entrepreneurship , 2008 .

[33]  Giles Barrett,et al.  Overcoming the obstacles? Access to bank finance for African‐Caribbean enterprise , 1999 .

[34]  Monder Ram,et al.  Shades of grey in the informal economy , 2006 .

[35]  Monder Ram,et al.  ACHIEVING ‘BREAK‐OUT’: DEVELOPING MAINSTREAM ETHNIC MINORITY BUSINESSES , 1994 .

[36]  Monder Ram,et al.  Paving Professional Futures Ethnic Minority Accountants In the United Kingdom , 2003 .

[37]  Ludi Simpson,et al.  Stability and change in ethnic groups in England and Wales. , 2005, Population trends.

[38]  James Nazroo,et al.  Ethnic Minorities in Britain: diversity and disadvantage , 1997 .