Passage order through different pathways in groups of schooling fish, and the diversified leadership hypothesis

The diversified leadership hypothesis proposes that different individuals within a school of fish act as leaders in different circumstances. This 'circumstantial leadership' results from inter-individual behavioral variability and a 'cohesion-dispersion' tendency modulated by 'failure-success' contingencies. The hypothesis predicts that when offered different pathways to escape the restriction of their swimming space, individuals within a group of fish will show Using an avoidance paddle and three different groups of fish (Aphyocharax erithrurus) the results confirmed prediction.

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