Generalized Master–Slave-Splitting Method and Application to Transmission–Distribution Coordinated Energy Management

Transmission–distribution coordinated energy management (TDCEM) is recognized as a promising solution to the challenge of high distributed energy resource (DER) penetration, but there is a lack of a distributed computation method that universally and effectively works for the TDCEM. To bridge this gap, this paper presents a generalized master–slave-splitting (G-MSS) method. This method is based on a general-purpose transmission–distribution coordination model called G-TDCM, which enables the G-MSS to be applicable to most of the central functions of the TDCEM. In this G-MSS method, a basic heterogeneous decomposition (HGD) algorithm is first derived from the heterogeneous decomposition of the coupling constraints in the optimality conditions of the G-TDCM. Its optimality and convergence properties are proved. Then, inspired by the sufficient conditions for convergence, a modified HGD algorithm that utilizes the subsystem's response function is developed and demonstrated to converge faster. The distributed G-MSS method is then demonstrated to successfully solve a series of central functions of the TDCEM, e.g., power flow, contingency analysis, voltage stability assessment, economic dispatch, and optimal power flow. The severe issues of over-voltage and erroneous assessment of the system security that are caused by DERs are thus resolved by the G-MSS method with modest computation cost.