Manejo Terapeútico del paciente con Xerostomía

espanolLa xerostomia es la manifestacion clinica mas comun de las disfunciones salivales y consiste en una disminucion de la secrecion salival. Aunque no es considerada como una enfermedad "per se", puede implicar la presencia de alteraciones relacionadas directamente con las glandulas salivales o ser el resultado de trastornos sistemicos. Etiologicamente la xerostomia es la consecuencia de varias condiciones de tipo reversibles o irreversibles entre las cuales encontramos: la ingesta de medicamentos, terapias oncologicas (radiacion y/o quimioterapia), terapia quirurgica, alteraciones psicologicas, enfermedades autoinmunes como el Sindrome de Sjogren y el Lupus Eritematoso Sistemico entre otras. La importancia de la saliva se apoya en los elementos que la conforman y como estos llevan a cabo sus actividades dentro de la cavidad bucal. Estas funciones se encuentran comprometidas cuando existe disminucion del flujo salival y producen gran impacto en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes, los cuales pueden presentar dificultad para hablar, comer y dormir. Al examen clinico se observa la presencia de caries extensas, aparicion de enfermedades oportunistas como la candidiasis, y la mucosa bucal se observa eritematosa. Es por lo tanto importante para el odontologo reconocer esta condicion realizando un apropiado diagnostico del paciente con "Sindrome de boca seca" o xerostomia, investigar su etiologia y determinar la capacidad secretora de las glandulas salivales, todo esto con el proposito de aplicar el tratamiento mas adecuado para el paciente. Esta revision tiene por objeto presentar un protocolo de atencion odontologica para el paciente con xerostomia, dependiendo de su etiologia y grado de afeccion de las glandulas salivales. EnglishXerostomia is the most common manifestation of salivary disfunction and consists in a decreasing of salivary secretion. Although, xerostomia is not a disease, it involves alterations directly related to salivary glands or sistemic diseases. The etiology of xerostomia could be associated to: Therapeutic drugs, oncologic therapy (radiation and/or chemotherapy), surgery, psychological alterations, autoimmune disease like Sjogren's Sindrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and others. The saliva importance lies on its elements and how they function in the oral cavity. These functions are affected when salivary flow decreases and impacts on life quality of these patients, producing difficulty to speaking, eating and sleeping. At the clinical examination they could present extensive caries and opportunistic diseases i.e. candidiasis. Therefore, is important to the dentist to recognize this condition doing an appropriate diagnostic of the xerostomic patient, searching its etiology and determining the secretory capacity of the salivary gland, with the purpose of applying the most appropriate treatment for the patient. The purpose of this review is to present a protocol to attend the xerostomic patient, depending of the etiology, and affection degree of the salivary gland.

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