Comprehensive modeling of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators based upon variable surface resistance and underlying physics of the polymer membrane

In this study, we theoretically predict and experimentally investigate the electro-mechanical response of the IPMC actuator. A physical model of IPMC actuator is proposed. The model combines the effect of surface resistance change during the deformation and the physics of the polymer membrane. IPMC samples were prepared and experiments were performed to test the samples. The results show that the theoretical model can accurately predict the actuating performance of IPMC. Current study may be beneficial for the comprehensive understanding of the surface electrode effect on the IPMC actuator.